Utilization of n-Alkanes by Cladosporium resinae

Teh, J. S.; Lee, K. H.

doi:10.1128/aem.25.3.454-457.1973

Cited by 25 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…Therefore, the melting point of long-chain alcohols is responsible for the difference in the cutoff chain length between bacteria and fungi. n-Alkanes also have antimicrobial activities and inhibitory activity against luciferase, although their cutoff chain length ($C 7 ) are shorter than those associated with n-alcohols (Gill and Ratledge, 1972;Teh and Lee, 1973;Franks and Lieb, 1985). Because the melting points of n-alkanes (e.g., #C 16 : #18°C) are lower than those of n-alcohols (e.g., #C 16 : #49°C), they are not important for the cutoff of liquid alkanes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Solubility of and Biological Sensitivity to Long-Chain Alcohols Determine the Cutoff Chain Length in Biological Activity

Matsumoto

Uesono

2018

Mol Pharmacol

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The cutoff phenomenon associated with the effectiveness of long-chain alcohols in the induction of anesthesia is also observed for various antimicrobial activities, although the mechanism has remained unknown for over eight decades. The minimum inhibitory concentrations at 25°C for budding yeast growth exponentially decreased with increasing chain length of n-alcohols (C 2-C 12), whereas alcohols $C 13 lost the inhibitory effect. Thus, growth inhibition by n-alcohols obeys the Meyer-Overton correlation up to C 12 and exhibits a cutoff phenomenon. The densities of n-alcohols are low, and the melting point and hydrophobicity increase with chain length. C 13 and C 14 inhibited yeast growth at 39.8°C, above their melting points. Alcohols #C 14 inhibited thermophilic bacterial growth at 50°C, whereas C 16 inhibited it at 67.5°C, above their melting points. Thus, the high melting points of long-chain alcohols contribute to the cutoff phenomenon. C 14 did not effectively inhibit yeast growth in a static culture at 39.8°C, in contrast to a shaking culture, in which the low density-dependent concentration gradient was eliminated. The duration of the transient growth inhibition of yeast by C 12 was prolonged by sonication, which prevented hydrophobic aggregation. Therefore, a nonuniform distribution owing to low density and high hydrophobicity contributes to the cutoff. C 14 inhibited the growth at 25°C of the pdr1,3,5 mutant, defective in multidrug efflux pumps, whereas C 12 did not inhibit the growth of yeast overexpressing PDR5, indicating that the sensitivity to long-chain alcohols contributed to the cutoff. A balance between the physicochemical solubility of and the biological sensitivity to long-chain alcohols determines the cutoff chain length.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physicochemical Solubility of and Biological Sensitivity to Long-Chain Alcohols Determine the Cutoff Chain Length in Biological Activity

Matsumoto

Uesono

2018

Mol Pharmacol

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“…THE FILAMENTOUS fungus Cladosporium resinae grows on a number of hydrocarbons and hydrocarbon derivatives Teh & Lee, 1973;. The intracellular hydrocarbon composition reflects the n-alkane on which the cells were grown, suggesting that n-alkanes are taken into the cell prior to their initial oxidation .…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects of Poorly Metabolized Hydrocarbons on Substrate Oxidation by Cladosporium resinae

Walker

Cooney

1975

Journal of Applied Bacteriology

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Twelve hydrocarbons which singly support no growth or little growth of Cladosporium resinae were examined for their effects on utilization of four substrates which do support growth of the fungus. Of the 48 combinations of an oxidizable substrate with a potential hydrocarbon substrate, 8 combinations supported increased oxygen consumption above the level obtained with the oxidizable substrate alone. There was no evidence of co‐oxidation of the potential co‐substrates toluene or p‐xylene; their effects on increasing O2‐uptake appear to be due to permeability changes. With hexadecane alone, the ratio hexadecane oxidized to CO2: hexadecane taken up by cells was 97:3. Addition of p‐xylene or toluene decreased that ratio slightly to 96:4 and 89:11, respectively. These high ratios of hydrocarbon oxidized to hydrocarbon taken up may be advantageous during degradation of petroleum in the natural environment, since petroleum components could be degraded without formation of a large biomass.

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“…Microbiological contamination of jet aircraft fuel systems is still a problem today, particularly in tropical areas (13,17). The predominant species responsible is Cladosporium resinae, a filamentous fungus which can utilize intermediate-and long-chain n-alkanes as sole energy and carbon sources (6,19). The major pathway for the initial oxidation of n-alkanes by this organism has been shown to proceed via homologous primary alcohol, aldehyde, and monocarboxylic acid intermediates (23).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Utilization of individual fatty acids and alcohols was determined under the following standard conditions. Duplicate 250-ml Erlenmeyer flasks, each containing 40 ml of salt medium and 0.4 g of the pure substrate, were autoclaved and inoculated with a spore suspension as described previously (19). Solid substrate was dispersed as fine particles in the medium by shaking the flask vigorously while the melted substrate solidified on cooling after autoclaving.…”

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confidence: 99%

Toxicity of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Alcohols Towards Cladosporium resinae

Teh¹

1974

Applied Microbiology

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Long-chain saturated fatty acids (C13 to C18) and fatty alcohols (C12 to C18) were well utilized by three different soil isolates of Cladosporium resinae as the sole carbon and energy sources in static liquid cultures. Shorter-chain compounds, down to C5, did not support growth and were in fact toxic towards the fungus growing on glucose. Rapid and considerable potassium efflux, protein leakage, and inhibition of endogenous respiration were observed in the presence of the shorter fatty acids and alcohols. Possible mechanisms and significance of the toxicity are discussed.

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Utilization of n-Alkanes by Cladosporium resinae

Cited by 25 publications

References 7 publications

Physicochemical Solubility of and Biological Sensitivity to Long-Chain Alcohols Determine the Cutoff Chain Length in Biological Activity

Physicochemical Solubility of and Biological Sensitivity to Long-Chain Alcohols Determine the Cutoff Chain Length in Biological Activity

Effects of Poorly Metabolized Hydrocarbons on Substrate Oxidation by Cladosporium resinae

Toxicity of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Alcohols Towards Cladosporium resinae

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