Utilization of Okara Meal as a Source of Plant Protein in Broiler Diets.

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of partial or complete replacement of okara meal for soybean meal on broiler performance, nutrients digestibility and economic efficiency. A total number of 350 one-day-old unsexed Ross chicks of nearly similar live body weight (45 g.) were randomly divided into equal five treatments; each contained 70 birds in seven replicates of ten birds each. Five experimental diets were formulated to be approximately iso-caloric and isonitrogenous according to the management recommendation guide data (Ross). Birds were fed starter-growers (1-4 weeks) and finisher (5-7 weeks) diets ad lib and had free access to water for the entire experimental period. The results showed that the whole experimental period, feeding graded levels of okara meal replacing for soybean meal at levels of either 25,50 and 75 % in broiler diets had no significant effect on live body weight gain (BWG), feed conversion rate (FCR) and average live body weight (LBW) compared with control group. However, the differences were significant poorest (P<0.05) as replacing okara meal for soybean meal at a level of 100% compared to control group or other treatments. There were significant decreases (P<0.05) feed intake values due to using different levels of okara meal compared to control group. Results showed a significant increase (P<0.05)in average values of EE and CF digestibility and N retention with using okara meal as replacing for soybean meal at levels of 25,50 and 75% while, the use of high level (100%) significantly decreased most of nutrient digestibility coefficient and nitrogen's balance. The obtained results showed that replacing of soybean meal by okara meal at levels of 25, 50 and 75% in broiler diets had no significant effect on carcass traits of chicks, while full replacement had a significant adverse effect. The results indicated that replacing soybean meal by okara meal in broiler diets up to level of 75% can reduce cost of feeding, save a considerable amounts of expensive ingredients and prevent environmental pollution.

A review of okara (soybean curd residue) utilization as animal feed: Nutritive value and animal performance aspects

“…Growth performance of broiler chicken was not affected by feeding them diets where soybean meal was replaced with okara up to 75%, and the FCR (1.83-1.88) of the okara-fed group was not significantly (p > 0.05) different from the control group (Motawe et al, 2012).…”

“…In contrast, Motawe et al (2012) observed that broiler chicken fed okara based diet (replacement of soybean meal by okara at 25%, 50%, and 75%) showed lower feed intake than those fed nonokara‐based diet, and full replacement (100%) of soybean meal by okara in diets had an adverse effect on carcass yield, which might have resulted due to the effect of high CF content in okara. However, no difference was observed in their digestibility of DM, organic matter or CP between okara‐based diets (diets containing 25%, 50%, and 75% okara) and nonokara based diet.…”

“…Due to the high fiber content, significant amount of okara can be included in ruminant's diet (Rahman et al, 2015), but limited amount in nonruminant's diet (Diaz‐Vargas et al, 2016; Motawe et al, 2012). Replacement (25%–75%) of soybean meal with dry okara in the diet will not affect feed intake or mortality, and achieve comparable daily body weight gains, to 100% soya diets.…”

Alternative and Unconventional Feeds in Dairy Diets and Their Effect on Fatty Acid Profile and Health Properties of Milk Fat

“…Fresh okara has a high moisture content (from 70% to 80%), which makes it difficult to handle, and it is too expensive to dry it by means of conventional methods [ 92 ]. Suitable ways of incorporating okara into feed are currently being sought that would add economic value to the product and eliminate a possible source of contamination [ 93 , 94 ]. Although okara is a highly nutritionally valuable product, it is often landfilled or disposed of via incineration [ 90 ], which is accompanied by the release of carbon dioxide [ 91 ].…”

Subprodutos da soja na alimentação de aves: Revisão

“…Contudo estes mesmo autores verificaram que as variáveis econômicas da inclusão de okara são viáveis até 50 g/kg em dietas para frangos de corte, quando seu preço representa 20% do preço do farelo de soja. Motawe et al (2012) conclui que o farelo de Okara pode substituir com sucesso o farelo de soja na alimentação de frangos de corte até 75% sem qualquer determinação de efeitos adversos no desempenho de frangos de corte, digestibilidade de nutrientes e avaliação econômica. Podendo ser recomendado na formulação de dietas de frangos de corte para melhor aproveitamento do resíduo e bom desempenho com menor custo de alimentação.…”