This article investigates the institutional dimensions that shape Open Government Data (OGD) implementation in three developed countries: the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. Thirty-two expert interviews and document analysis were used to research OGD implementation practices. The results reveal that OGD implementation as such is not enough to ensure the sustainability and success of OGD adoption in a country. Five different dimensions should be distinguished: policy and strategy, legislative foundations, organizational arrangements, relevant skills, public support and awareness. The approach to the institutional dimensions differs between the countries. Centralized OGD governance is shown to yield better results and a higher level of OGD implementation. The contribution of the present study is twofold: first, the article introduces institutional dimensions for explaining OGD implementation; second, it presents a comparative analysis of best practices in the three developed countries.
KEYWORDS institutional dimensions; open data; open data implementation; open government dataInformation technologies have created massive opportunities to collect and utilize data on nearly all activities of government bodies. The significance, benefits, and positive effects of open government data (OGD) are well recognized by many researchers (Zeleti, Ojo, & Curry, 2016). Studies showing that open data initiatives may promote proactive civic engagement, innovation, and democratic processes (Chan, 2013;Kassen, 2013;Linders, 2013) formed the basis for research into the benefits, policy issues, OGD infrastructure, availability and quality of data, and the skills required for OGD (Barry & Bannister, 2014;dos Santos Brito, da Silva Costa, Garcia, & de Lemos Meira, 2015;Dulong de Rosnay & Janssen, 2014). Access to public data is also considered a core building block in the public governance of new sociotechnological structures, such as smart cities (Meijer, 2017 Published with license by Taylor & Francis © 2018 Igbal Safarov This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way. REVIEW 2019, VOL. 42, NO. 2, 305-328 Researchers have given increasing attention to the role of institutions in the implementation of innovations. Institutions also have become significant in innovation theory (Edquist & Johnson, 1997). Mueller, Rosenbusch, and Bausch (2013) highlight that institutional conditions have a major impact on the performance of innovations. The public innovation literature shows that the barriers and drivers of public innovations are shaped by institutions (Aagaard, 2012). Institutionalizing open data, using analytics and public performance reporting, and acknowledging data privacy are considered si...