Utilization of Petroleum Coke in Metallurgical Coke Making

Matsubara, Kenji; Morotomi, H.; Miyazu, Takashi

doi:10.1021/bk-1986-0303.ch018

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…These coke samples presented a great potential for future use in graphite anodes and environmental remediation, which could be performed by making modifications on the coke surface and anchoring diverse functional groups or subsequent thermic treatments. − …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Coker Coke Characterization: Correlation between Process Conditions, Coke Composition, and Morphology

Zambrano¹,

Duarte²,

Poveda-Jaramillo³

et al. 2017

Energy Fuels

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Delayed coking is the technology most used to upgrade vacuum residue into high-value products, but in this process, secondary reactions produce coke. It is already known that the chemical and physical properties and composition of the feedstock and processing conditions affect coke morphology. Recently, a new type of morphology, called transition coke, has been described, but this morphology should be avoided because it induces operational and safety risks to delayed coking units. Several studies have attempted to understand the complex structure of this type of coke and the factors that control the different final morphologies. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to shed additional insight on the correlation between surface chemical composition and the morphology of delayed coker coke with variables of the process, such as the temperature, pressure, and elemental composition of the feedstock. All of the samples had a surface area between 1 and 4 m 2 /g, showing that the coke lacks porosity. Morphological classification by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed transition/associated shot-and spongetype coke. From X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), it was possible to identify heteroatoms as N, S, Si, and O on the surface of the samples. Metals were not found on the surface of the solids, despite the fact that atomic absorption (AA) and total reflection X-ray florescence (TXRF) showed elements such as Ni and V in the bulk. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) was used to identify the aromatic and aliphatic regions and to calculate the aromaticity factor ( f a ) and the relationship of peri-to cata-condensed carbons, C peri /C cata , in the aromatic structure of the samples, giving us an idea of the condensation degree, ϕ, of the aromatic moieties. The results of this work allow us to verify that the low metal amount in the samples is related to sponge and transition coke. Thus, it is possible that this fact, in combination with the amounts of nitrogen and sulfur on the surface, could influence the formation of transition coke and that variables, such as the temperature, direct a change in morphology from transition to sponge coke.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delayed Coker Coke Characterization: Correlation between Process Conditions, Coke Composition, and Morphology

Zambrano¹,

Duarte²,

Poveda-Jaramillo³

et al. 2017

Energy Fuels

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“…Petroleum coke is used as an additive in metallurgical cokemaking, mainly because of its availability at prices cheaper than coking coals. Much work has been published on the incorporation of petroleum coke to coal blends, but most have focused on maximum limit of addition without impairing metallurgical coke quality, the influence of petroleum coke particle size in this limit, and the possible increase in total sulfur of the blend when high sulfur petroleum cokes are used. − However, little attention has been paid to the characterization of petroleum coke as an additive in cokemaking to explain why petroleum cokes with similar conventional parameters (elemental and proximate analyses) produced metallurgical cokes of different quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Petroleum Coke as an Additive in Metallurgical Cokemaking. Influence on Metallurgical Coke Quality

et al. 1997

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The relevance of petroleum coke activity during the plastic stage in cocarbonization with a low-volatile bituminous coal was assessed by establishing differences in lowering of Gieseler maximum fluidity of the blend (bituminous coal and petroleum coke) and in metallurgical coke quality. Differences in fluidity of the blend were well correlated with parameters used in petroleum coke characterization such as hydrogen donor ability, the volatile matter released between 400 and 500 °C, and the ratio of methyl and methylene groups in aromatic clusters. The metallurgical cokes were produced in a laboratory oven from blends of petroleum coke−bituminous coal and, then, characterized in terms of abrasion strength and reactivity to CO2. There is a clear relation between the chemical activity of petroleum coke in cocarbonization systems with coal and improvements in metallurgical coke quality. The ability of petroleum coke to interact with coal during the plastic stage contributes to good bonding between components as evidenced by the quantitative study of interfaces by optical microscopy.

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“…The amount of petroleum coke that may be incorporated in a coal/blend without impairing coke quality considerably depends mainly on its particle size and the rheological properties of the coal/blend. The limit of petroleum coke in a coal blend is considered to be about 5 wt % in Japan and is established as the quantity of petroleum coke needed to decrease the Gieseler fluidity of the coal/blend below 200 ddpm . However, elsewhere the maximum limit of petroleum coke addition for the production of a coke of acceptable quality has been reported to be 20 wt %, and in Argentina a petroleum coke addition of 40 wt % has been quoted…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Petroleum Coke as an Additive in Metallurgical Cokemaking. Modification of Thermoplastic Properties of Coal

et al. 1996

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It is often assumed that green petroleum coke behaves as an inert material in cocarbonization with coking coal blends and has no active behavior on the important thermoplastic properties of the coal blend. This paper investigates that assumption. The objective of this study is to clarify effects arising when different petroleum cokes are added to a single coal or an industrial blend. The effects studied include changes during the pyrolysis stages of the cocarbonization, using a bituminous coal. This was done to study if petroleum coke is totally inert at the plastic stage of a given coal or there is an influence at the plastic stage. A further aim is to show how conventional and nonconventional techniques for petroleum coke characterization relate to its activity with the plastic stage of coal. A range of six petroleum cokes was used. The petroleum cokes were studied in terms of (a) optical texture, (b) FTIR spectroscopy, (c) hydrogen donor ability, (d) thermogravimetric analysis of the pyrolysis stage, (e) free-swelling index, and (f) thermoplastic properties of blends made up of a bituminous coal and petroleum coke. Evidence for a significant activity of some petroleum cokes was assessed using the above techniques, which can be considered as nonconventional in petroleum coke characterization. A good correlation among the parameters obtained from the above techniques/methods was found, indicating that the presence of unreacted and partially carbonized material, the hydrogen donor ability, the relative proportion of methyl and methylene groups, the amount of volatile matter released at a temperature range between 400 and 500 °C, the temperature of maximum volatile matter evolution and, finally, the agglomeration degree of petroleum cokes can be considered as important factors in the plastic properties of cocarbonization systems with coking coals.

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Utilization of Petroleum Coke in Metallurgical Coke Making

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Delayed Coker Coke Characterization: Correlation between Process Conditions, Coke Composition, and Morphology

Delayed Coker Coke Characterization: Correlation between Process Conditions, Coke Composition, and Morphology

Characterization of Petroleum Coke as an Additive in Metallurgical Cokemaking. Influence on Metallurgical Coke Quality

Characterization of Petroleum Coke as an Additive in Metallurgical Cokemaking. Modification of Thermoplastic Properties of Coal

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