Utilization of pine tree biochar produced by flame-curtain pyrolysis in two non-agricultural applications

Kalderis, Dimitrios; Tsuchiya, Shion; Phillipou, Katerina; Paschalidou, Polyxeni; Pashalidis, Ioannis; Tashima, Daisuke; Tsubota, Toshiki

doi:10.1016/j.biteb.2020.100384

Cited by 26 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Adsorption of textile dyes was examined with various biochars, dyes, and process parameters such as temperature, pH, and agitation time . Most studies focused on removing pure, highly concentrated dye solutions that do not represent the actual effluent from domestic real dye houses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Removal of Acid Dye in Synthetic and Silk Dyeing Effluent: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies

et al. 2021

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Here, we propose a low-cost, sustainable, and viable adsorbent (pine tree-derived biochar) to remove acid dyes such as acid violet 17 (AV), which is used in the silk dyeing industry. As a case study, the AV removal process was demonstrated using synthetic effluent and further as a proof of concept using real dye effluent produced from the Sirumugai textile unit in India. The pine tree-derived biochar was selected for removal of aqueous AV dye in batch and fixed-bed column studies. The adsorbent material was characterized for crystallinity (XRD), surface area (BET), surface morphology and elemental compositions (SEM–EDX), thermal stability (TGA), weight loss (DGA), and functional groups (FTIR). Batch sorption studies were performed to evaluate (i) adsorption at various pH values (at pH 2 to 7), (ii) isotherms (at 10, 25, and 35 °C) to assess the temperature effect on the sorption efficiency, and (iii) kinetics to reveal the effect of time, adsorbent dose, and initial concentration on the reaction rate. After systematic evaluation, 2 g/L biochar, 25 mg/L AV, pH 3, 40 °C, and 40 and 360 min in a completely mixed batch study resulted in 50 and 90% dye removal, respectively. The isoelectric point at pH 3.7 ± 0.2 results in maximum dye removal, therefore suggesting that monitoring the ratio of different effluent (acid/wash/dye) can improve the colorant removal efficiency. The Langmuir isotherm best fits with the sorption of AV to biochar, provided a maximal dye uptake of 29 mg/g at 40 °C, showing that adsorption was endothermic. Fixed-bed studies were conducted at room temperature with an initial dye concentration of 25 and 50 mg/L. The glass columns were packed with biochar (bed depth 20 cm, pore volume = 14 mL) at an initial pH of 5.0 and a 10 mL/min flow rate for 120 min. Finally, the regeneration of the adsorbent was achieved using desorption studies conducted under the proposed experimental conditions resulted in 90–93% removal of AV even after five cycles of regeneration.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effective Removal of Acid Dye in Synthetic and Silk Dyeing Effluent: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies

et al. 2021

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“…In our earlier work, pine tree residues were converted to biochar by flame-curtain pyrolysis and then activated with KOH [8]. Our preliminary results indicated their potential to be used as electrodes in EDLCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…As for Reaction (6), this reaction is for the generation of K 2 CO 3 , that is, these reactants do not participate in biochar activation. If the carbon in our biochar sample is considered to be mostly in the form of graphite, then Reaction (2) describes the reaction between biochar and KOH, since this reaction can thermodynamically proceed at 800 • C. However, in our earlier work, it was spectroscopically determined that pine tree biochar is mostly amorphous carbon [8]. Dehkhoda et al (2016) prepared KOHactivated biochars (produced originally from spruce whitewood at 600 • C) purposed to be applied as electrodes in EDLCs.…”

Section: Koh Activationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These data indicated that KOH activation improved the energy efficiency. The capacitance value per area, C (F g −1 ), can be expressed as follows [50][51][52] C = Cext*Sext + Cpore*Spore (8) where Cext (F m −2 ) is the capacitance value per area of the external surface, Sext (m 2 g −1 ) is the external surface area, Cpore (F m −2 ) is the capacitance value per area of the pore surface and Spore (m 2 g −1 ) is the pore surface area. Subsequently, Equation ( 8) can be converted as follows: The capacitance value per area, C (F g −1 ), can be expressed as follows [50][51][52] C = C ext * S ext + C pore * S pore (8) where C ext (F m −2 ) is the capacitance value per area of the external surface, S ext (m 2 g −1 ) is the external surface area, C pore (F m −2 ) is the capacitance value per area of the pore surface and S pore (m 2 g −1 ) is the pore surface area.…”

Section: Electrochemical Performancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Biochar produced this way has been mainly applied in field-scale agricultural projects, establishing its potential for the inexpensive production of high-quality biochar that meets the standards of the European Biochar Certificate (EBC) [7]. This pyrolysis method has been proved to be highly reproducible, provided the feedstock material is dry and has a uniform size distribution [8]. An additional advantage of this approach is the low construction and maintenance cost of the kiln, which allows for extended use at farmer level in developing countries [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment of Biochar Produced by Flame-Curtain Pyrolysis as a Precursor for the Development of an Efficient Electric Double-Layer Capacitor

et al. 2021

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Pine tree biochar produced by flame-curtain pyrolysis, an inexpensive and simple pyrolysis methodology, was used as the starting material for KOH-activated carbon. Flame-curtain pyrolysis is a simple, low-technology methodology that can be performed by non-specialized personnel. The elemental analysis of the biochars highlighted the high reproducibility of the process. The N2 adsorption isotherms indicated that KOH activation was effective for the preparation of high-surface-area activated carbons from the biochar. The BET specific surface area increased with the quantity of KOH added in the activation process, achieving a maximum value of 3014 m2 g−1 at 85.7 wt.% of KOH addition. The adsorption isotherms of all samples were IUPAC type I, establishing their microporous nature. Results from the Mikhail–Brunauer (MP) method and αs plot indicated that the pore size distribution became wider and the pore volume increased as the KOH content increased. The measured capacitance values followed the same dependence on KOH content. The maximum capacitance value at 1 mV s−1 was determined as 200.6 F g−1 for the sample prepared at 75 wt.% of KOH addition. Therefore, pine tree biochar prepared by simple pyrolysis equipment is a suitable precursor for the development of an electric double-layer capacitor.

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Engineered Biochar as Supercapacitors

Tsubota¹

2022

Engineered Biochar

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Utilization of pine tree biochar produced by flame-curtain pyrolysis in two non-agricultural applications

Cited by 26 publications

References 39 publications

Effective Removal of Acid Dye in Synthetic and Silk Dyeing Effluent: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies

Effective Removal of Acid Dye in Synthetic and Silk Dyeing Effluent: Isotherm and Kinetic Studies

Assessment of Biochar Produced by Flame-Curtain Pyrolysis as a Precursor for the Development of an Efficient Electric Double-Layer Capacitor

Engineered Biochar as Supercapacitors

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