Utilization of Rice Husks and the Products of Its Thermal Degradation as Fillers in Polymer Composites

Genieva, Svetlana; Turmanova, Sevdalina; Vlaev, L. T.

doi:10.1007/978-3-642-17370-7_13

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 106 publications

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“…Lignocellulosic materials degrade below 550 °C, with hemicelluloses degrading in the range 150 to 350 °C, cellulose degrading at 275 to 380 °C, and lignin degrading at 350 to 550 °C (Genieva et al 2011). Thermal analysis of untreated and treated OPEFB stalk fibers showed that these samples have similar processes and peaks of thermal degradation b c e f a d (Fig.…”

Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 93%

Basic Properties of Oven–Heat Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibers

Solikhin¹,

Hadi²,

Massijaya³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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The fibers of oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) stalks were investigated to determine the changes in their basic properties after oven-heat treatment. The oven-heat treatment was conducted at 100 °C or 190 °C for 15 min. There were slightly noticeable morphological, chemical, and thermal alterations in oven-heat treated OPEFB stalk fibers for short duration. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the treated fibers had smooth surfaces and irregular heavy deposition of cementing agents. The highest cellulose content (41.68%) was present in OPEFB stalk fibers treated at 100 °C for 15 min, whereas the highest crystallinity index (48.74%) occurred in fibers treated at 190 °C for 15 min. The fibers comprised cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose with a high percentage of C, O, K, and other elements. Based on differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis, oven-heat treated and untreated OPEFB stalk fibers had similar thermal stability characteristics.

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Section: Differential Scanning Calorimetrymentioning

confidence: 93%

Basic Properties of Oven–Heat Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibers

Solikhin¹,

Hadi²,

Massijaya³

et al. 2016

BioResources

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“…Although the color of the ash is largely related to carbon content of the ash, impurities such as alkali metals can change the ash color. At higher temperatures these metals react with silicon (Si) to produce crystalline phases that may combined with carbon or contain iron giving the ash a darker color (Muthadhi and Kothandaraman 2010;Genieva, et al 2011). It was also observed that washing the biomass after pretreatments is very important in removing alkalis from surface of biomass and reducing LOI of the resulted ash.…”

Section: Surface Area Loi and Amorphous Silica Content Of Aramentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermochemical Pretreatments for Agricultural Residue Ash Production for Concrete

Ataie

Riding

2013

J. Mater. Civ. Eng.

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Agricultural residue ash is known to be a very reactive source of supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for use in concrete. The influence of thermochemical pretreatments on the reactivity of agricultural residue ash (ARA) for use as an SCM was studied. It was shown that pretreatments are effective in partial removal of alkali metals and other impurities out of both wheat straw and rice straw leading to ARA with lower loss on ignition (LOI), higher internal surface area, and higher amorphous silica content than that of unpretreated ARA. It was shown that the ash alkali content correlated with the ash LOI and amorphous silica content.

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“…The amount of these two industries' production makes rice husks and olive pits the most abundant agro-industrial waste products in Portugal. Regarding the disposal of these agro-residues, until recently, the primary disposal route was energy generation through incineration, collaterally aggravating environmental pollution [7]. Compared to other agrowaste sources, these fibers are challenging to reutilize, making them unsuitable for animal feeding due to their lack of nutritional value.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Polypropylene-Based Composites with Agro-Waste Fillers: Thermal, Morphological, Mechanical Properties and Dimensional Stability

Zhiltsova,

Campos,

Costa

et al. 2024

Materials

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Natural fiber composites (NFC) are eco-friendly alternatives to synthetic polymers. However, some intrinsic natural fillers’ properties hinder their widespread implementation as reinforcement in polymeric matrices and require further investigation. In the scope of this study, the thermal, rheologic, mechanical (tension and flexural modes), and morphological properties, as well as the water absorption and dimensional stability of the NF polypropylene (PP)-based injection molded composites reinforced with rice husk (rh) and olive pits (op) of 20 wt.% and 30% wt.%, respectively, were investigated. The results suggest that the higher content of the rice husk and olive pits led to a similar reduction in the melt flow index (MFI), independent of the additive type compared to virgin polypropylene (PPv). The melting and crystallization temperatures of the PPrh and PPop composites did not change with statistical significance. The composites are stiffer than the PP matrix by up to 49% and possess higher mechanical strength in the tension mode at the expense of decreased ductility. PPrh and PPop have a superior flexural modulus in the bending mode, while the flexural strength improvement was accomplished for the PP30%rh. The influence of the fibers’ distribution in the bulk of the parts on their mechanical performance was confirmed based on a non-localized morphology evaluation, which constitutes a novelty of the presented research. The dimensional stability of the composites was improved as the linear shrinkage in the flow direction was decreased by 49% for PPrh and 30% for PPop, positively correlating with an increase in the filler content and stiffness. PPop was less susceptible to water sorption than PPrh due to fibers’ composition and larger surface-to-area volume ratios.

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Utilization of Rice Husks and the Products of Its Thermal Degradation as Fillers in Polymer Composites

Cited by 10 publications

References 106 publications

Basic Properties of Oven–Heat Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibers

Basic Properties of Oven–Heat Treated Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Stalk Fibers

Thermochemical Pretreatments for Agricultural Residue Ash Production for Concrete

Sustainable Polypropylene-Based Composites with Agro-Waste Fillers: Thermal, Morphological, Mechanical Properties and Dimensional Stability

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