Utilization of sal leaves and sal leaves char to improve the combustion performance of reject coal

Relationship between proximate analysis parameters and combustion behaviour of high ash Indian coal

“…Coal A2, N2 and N4 possess very low H f values of 1.19, 1.16 and 1.14 that is a clear indication of better combustion performance (Qi et al 2017). The results obtained are in line with literature (Aich et al 2019a;Liu et al 2015), according to which a fuel having the maximum S f value and the minimum H f value shows better combustion performance since both the indices S f and H f are directly and inversely related to maximum combustion rate (DTG max ), respectively (Eq. (3) and (4)).…”

“…Corresponding peak rates of combustion (DTG max ) are 14.15 ± 5.4, 7.40 ± 0.82, 11.15 ± 5.53, 16 ± 6.55 wt%/min for coal A, D, J and N, respectively. Higher values of DTG max for coal A, D can be attributed to the presence of presence of higher quantities of volatile matters in the coal sample (Behera et al 2020;Aich et al 2019a). Presence of single peaks in coal D (sample D1, D2, D3, D4) in DTG curve indicates stage by stage smooth burning of coal by elimination of water, release of hydrocarbons and loss of higher molecular weight hydrocarbon (Zhang et al 2013a, b;Aich et al 2019a).…”

“…Higher values of DTG max for coal A, D can be attributed to the presence of presence of higher quantities of volatile matters in the coal sample (Behera et al 2020;Aich et al 2019a). Presence of single peaks in coal D (sample D1, D2, D3, D4) in DTG curve indicates stage by stage smooth burning of coal by elimination of water, release of hydrocarbons and loss of higher molecular weight hydrocarbon (Zhang et al 2013a, b;Aich et al 2019a). Presence of multiple peaks (double peaks here) in other coal (A, J, N) signifies stage by stage burning of coal due to release of hydrocarbons in different stages during combustion.…”

“…D i represent the ignition performance of fuels, which reflects how difficult or easy and how fast and slow the fuel gets ignited. D f represents the burnout performance of fuels, which mainly depends on how fast the char residue burns (Parthasararthy et al 2013) Ignition index (D i ) and burnout index (D f ) are calculated as (Parthasararthy et al 2013;Liu et al 2012;Aich et al 2019a).…”

“…Based on the TGA-DTG analysis, two comprehensive index-parameters namely comprehensive combustibility index (S, wt% per min 2°C3 and rate and intensity index of combustion process (H f ,°C) can be estimated by Eqs. (3-4) (Parthasararthy et al 2013;Liu et al 2012;Aich et al 2019a).…”