The objective of the study is to offer a review of the instruments designed for measuring the subjectively assessed quality of life of seniors. At present it is possible to notice an increase of interest in the issue of the quality of life of specific groups of population; in addition, there is a large number of tools for its measuring. The aim of the present study is to provide a systematic review of generic and specific instruments for measuring quality of life of seniors which have been published in peer-reviewed journals and whose psychometric parameters have been verified. The search procedure formed a part of a larger retrieval search in which we analyzed 4829 abstracts in EBSCO and ProQuest Central full-text databases. We found 831 instruments which claimed to be measuring quality of life and were verified their reliability or validity. We identified 3 groups of instruments suitable for use in the senior age-group: generic methodologies applicable to adults in general, 7 generic tools and 9 specific tools designed exclusively for the senior age. The paper presents the measures designed for seniors who were analyzed and compared with regard to their psychometric parameters, purpose and theoretical framework utilized for their construction. In conclusion the authors of the study provide recommendations for the use of the selected methodologies for measuring the subjectively assessed quality of life of seniors.
ResultsThe tables 1 and 2 include seven generic and nine identified specific instruments developed for the senior population of people over 60 years old. Six of the seven generic measurements are self-assessed or can also use interview form of administration. Among the specific instruments there are five self-assessed tools and in cases of two of them, the use of a questionnaire is recommended in a structured interview, namely when administered to older people with vision problems. Especially, the OMFAQ can be administered only by a trained interviewer. Four of the specific instruments are used by proxy and they are assessed by caregiver or other medical professionals. This proxy-rating is mostly used for very old and severely demented persons. The proxy report can be related to how caregivers or other related persons imagine they would feel if they were in a similar circumstance. Self-assessment questionnaire can provide information from an individual or a patient that is not easily obtained from other sources. As Moyle and Murfield noted (2013) "it is generally accepted that self-report is the 'gold standard' by which HRQoL should be assessed" (p. 110).