Utilization of the post-filtration lye from the SCS method of soda production

Trypuć, Mieczysław; Drużyński, Sebastian; Kiełkowska, Urszula; Mazurek, Krzysztof

doi:10.2478/v10026-007-0091-y

Cited by 6 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…To find out if a new solid phase appears in a given system, graphs of property-composition type are helpful. If in the system additional solid phases are created there are two or more invariant points in the isotherms. − …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…During the equilibrium research on the studied system, methodology analogous to the one from the previously published papers was used. − The solutions were prepared as follows: in an Erlenmeyer flask with a volume capacity of 100 cm 3 , the appropriate mass of potassium metavanadate, potassium nitrate(V), and deionized water were weighed, in such a way that one of salts was in excess relative to its solubility in water. Then, the samples were thermostated and constantly mixed with a magnetic stirrer for 20 h. The equilibration time between the solid and the liquid phase was determined experimentally for invariant points in the temperature range of 293.15–323.15 K. The concentrations of vanadate(V) and potassium ions were checked during the thermostatting time at appropriate intervals.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Received solutions were used to determine the equilibrium concentrations of metawanadate and potassium nitrate(V). For experimental selected points, the solid phases were analyzed with the X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. − …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The quantitative determination of vanadate(V) ions and solid phase analysis was carried out analogously to the previous works. − Vanadate(V) ions in the acidic medium and in the presence of aqueous solution of H 2 O 2 , form the complex compounds V(O 2 )X 3 and/or V(O 2 )X 5 2– , where X is a monovalent anion. This reaction goes in the equimolar ratio according to eq .…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid Liquid Equilibria Studies in the KVO₃–KNO₃–H₂O System in the Temperature Range 293.15–323.15 K

2017

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Mutual solubility of potassium metavanadate and potassium nitrate(V) was investigated in the KVO3–KNO3–H2O system at the temperature range 293.15–323.15 K. The equilibrium studies were conducted using isothermal saturation of a solution method. On the base of the received results, a fragment of the solubility polytherm for the investigated system was plotted. The knowledge of the course of that isotherm for the ternary system is necessary to plot the equilibrium diagram in a planar projection prepared according to the Jänecke method for the systems of exchange salts NH4NO3–KVO3–H2O and to determine optimal conditions for utilization of the postfiltration liquor from soda production with the soda–chlorine–saltpeter method.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Solid Liquid Equilibria Studies in the KVO₃–KNO₃–H₂O System in the Temperature Range 293.15–323.15 K

2017

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“…The solution of sodium nitrate obtained in that process does not cause any risk of explosion during the production of sodium saltpeter. 8,9 NH 4 The precipitated ammonium metavanadate is subjected to calcination (eq 3), to recover ammonia and vanadium(V) oxide, which in turn is used to synthesize sodium metavanadate (eq 4).The chemical flow diagram of the proposed modification of the SCS method can be found in our previous papers. 8À10,14 The conversion process mentioned above (eq 2) is a reaction of double ion exchange in the water medium, and the factors determining the equilibrium of that reaction are the mutual solubility of the system components and temperature.…”

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Solubility in the Reciprocal Quaternary NH₄⁺–Na⁺–NO₃^––VO₃^––H₂O System at (313 and 323) K

Trypuć

Drużyński

2011

J. Chem. Eng. Data

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The equilibrium solubility studies of the NH 4 NO 3 þ NaVO 3 þ H 2 O system at (313 and 323) K have been performed. On the basis of the results, the equilibrium plots for the system in a planar projection have been obtained according to the J€ anecke method. The plots enable the determination of the optimal conditions for the conversion reaction of ammonium nitrate into sodium nitrate with the use of sodium metavanadate. The source of ammonium nitrate is the postfiltration lye from the soda production with the sodaÀchlorineÀsaltpeter (SCS) method. The conversion of NH 4 NO 3 from the postfiltration lye into NaNO 3 cancels the risk of explosion during the process of production of ammoniumÀsodium saltpeter. ' INTRODUCTIONSodium carbonate is one of the basic products of the inorganic industry. That compound is used among others as a flux agent in a process of glass production or as a substrate for production of water glass. 1,2 The production of sodium carbonate reaches ca. 50 million ton per year, and about 50 % of that is produced with the Solvay method. That method is based on the easily available raw materials such as halite, limestone, carbon, and ammonia. 3,4 That technology is characterized by the significant noxiousness for the natural environment, mainly due to the emission of large amounts of the liquid waste (CaCl 2 and NaCl solution) and solid waste (CaCO 3 , Ca(OH) 2 , ashes). 3,4 An alternative method of sodium carbonate production which relies on the same raw materials is the wasteless sodaÀchlorineÀ saltpeter (SCS) method. The difference between SCS and the Solvay method is that during the carbonization process (eq 1) the sodium nitrate brine is used instead of sodium chloride. Sodium nitrate is obtained in the process of oxidation of solid sodium chloride with the nitric acid in the presence of air. The second valuable product in that process is chlorine. 4,5The solution obtained after filtration of sodium bicarbonate contains mainly ammonium nitrate, unreacted sodium nitrate, and a small amount of sodium chloride. The obtained lye is used in the production of mixed ammoniumÀsodium saltpeter, which is further used as a fertilizer. The transformation of that saltpeter into the nitrogenous fertilizer is difficult because of the presence of chloride ions and explosive properties of ammonium nitrate. Chloride ions catalyze the decomposition of ammonium nitrate, which causes the loss of nitrogen during the production and real risk of explosion during the processes of concentration, crystallization, and storage of the produced ammoniumÀsodium saltpeter. 5À7 This phenomenon can be eliminated by modification of the SCS method based on the conversion of ammonium nitrate into sodium nitrate with sodium metavanadate (eq 2). The solution of sodium nitrate obtained in that process does not cause any risk of explosion during the production of sodium saltpeter. 8,9 NH 4 The precipitated ammonium metavanadate is subjected to calcination (eq 3), to recover ammonia and vanadium(V) oxide, which in turn is used ...

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Investigation of Mutual Solubility in the NH₄VO₃−NH₄NO₃−H₂O system

Trypuć

Drużyński

2009

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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The solubilities of ammonium vanadate and ammonium nitrate in the NH4VO3−NH4NO3−H2O system were investigated at 293, 303, 313, and 323 K by the method of isothermal saturation of solutions. A section of the solubility isotherm for the investigated system was plotted based on the obtained data. Knowledge of that dependence is necessary for developing the new method of using the postfiltration liquor from the soda−chlorine−saltpeter (SCS) method of sodium carbonate production, based on an equilibrium plot for the quaternary system of pairs of the exchange salts NH4NO3−NaVO3−H2O.

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Utilization of the post-filtration lye from the SCS method of soda production

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Solid Liquid Equilibria Studies in the KVO₃–KNO₃–H₂O System in the Temperature Range 293.15–323.15 K

Solid Liquid Equilibria Studies in the KVO₃–KNO₃–H₂O System in the Temperature Range 293.15–323.15 K

Solubility in the Reciprocal Quaternary NH₄⁺–Na⁺–NO₃^––VO₃^––H₂O System at (313 and 323) K

Investigation of Mutual Solubility in the NH₄VO₃−NH₄NO₃−H₂O system

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Utilization of the post-filtration lye from the SCS method of soda production

Cited by 6 publications

References 5 publications

Solid Liquid Equilibria Studies in the KVO3–KNO3–H2O System in the Temperature Range 293.15–323.15 K

Solid Liquid Equilibria Studies in the KVO3–KNO3–H2O System in the Temperature Range 293.15–323.15 K

Solubility in the Reciprocal Quaternary NH4+–Na+–NO3––VO3––H2O System at (313 and 323) K

Investigation of Mutual Solubility in the NH4VO3−NH4NO3−H2O system

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Solid Liquid Equilibria Studies in the KVO₃–KNO₃–H₂O System in the Temperature Range 293.15–323.15 K

Solid Liquid Equilibria Studies in the KVO₃–KNO₃–H₂O System in the Temperature Range 293.15–323.15 K

Solubility in the Reciprocal Quaternary NH₄⁺–Na⁺–NO₃^––VO₃^––H₂O System at (313 and 323) K

Investigation of Mutual Solubility in the NH₄VO₃−NH₄NO₃−H₂O system