Utilization of Tofu Wastewater for The Growth of Red Spinach (Alternanteraamoenavoss) in Floating Raft Hydroponic Cultures

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of giving liquid tofu fertilizer to the growth and yield of red spinach plants (Alternanteraamoenavoss) with floating raft hydroponic techniques. Research on red spinach growth parameters was carried out at Horti Park Lampung. The method used in this study was Complete Random Design (CRD) consisting of 4 concentration P0 (0% AB Mix), P1 (30%), P2 (45%) and P3 (60%) and 3 replications. The study was conducted for 4 weeks. Measurements and observations are carried out 4 times, i.e. every 1 week. The parameters measured were stem height, number of leaves, leaf width, root length. Then, the data analysis was performed using One Way ANOVA on SPSS 17, and register later with the LDS test at the level of 5% significance. The results showed that tofu wastewater available at P3 maintenance (60%) was significantly different from other treatments, and at the same time discussed liquid waste which was known at the time of preparation of P1 (30%) because, it did not depend on nutrients contained in inside, so it causes less growth, compared to the implementation of P0 (0%), P2 (45%) and P3 (60%).

The Potential of Liquid Organic Fertilizer for Hydroponic Nutrition: A Systematic Literature Review

“…Agricultural waste such as cow urine, coffee processing liquid waste, tofu processing liquid waste and coconut water can be used as liquid organic fertilizer because they contain nutrients that plants need. According to (Vebriyanti et al 2022), cow urine contains 1.0% N. Tofu processing wastewater contains 0,27% N, 2,85 ppm P2O5, 0,29% K2O dan protein 1,68% (Telaumbanua et al 2019), coconut water contains K, Na, Ca, P, Fe, Cu, S, Mg (Sulistiya 2021), Goat faces contain 46.51% C, 1.41% N, 0.54% P and 0.75% K (Anggraini et al 2020) Utilization of agricultural waste as liquid organic fertilizer requires bioactivators to speed up the decomposition process of organic material. Microorganisms from the bacteria and fungi groups can be used as bioactivators.…”

“…Agricultural waste contains nutrients needed for plant growth so it can be used as nutrients for hydroponics. The current use of agricultural waste is not optimal and is often thrown away and causes environmental pollution Research on the use of agricultural waste as liquid organic fertilizer has been carried out, including: fish farming waste (Ahmed et al 2021); biogas digestate (Takemura et al 2020), tofu wastewater (Anggraini et al 2020), vermicompost (Arancon, Owens, and Converse 2019); sargassum (Fajrisani et al 2020) Application of liquid organic fertilizer as a source of nutrients for vegetable plants in hydroponic systems such as lettuce (Ahmed et al 2021), spinach (Jin et al 2020), tomato (Magwaza et al 2020), pak choi (Churilova and Midmore 2019); mustard (Brassica juncea L) (Fauziah, Kameswari, and Setia 2022), red spinach) (Anggraini et al 2020)…”

An Overview of Wastewater from Traditional Tofu Industries in Sugihmanik Village, Grobogan Regency and its Appropriate Treatment Alternative

“…In designing a wastewater treatment plant, it is necessary to know the quantity and quality of the tofu industrial wastewater [12]. In measuring the amount of sewage, samples were taken randomly for two tofu industries.…”

Analysis of Potential GHG Emissions from Tofu Industry and Its Mitigation in Indonesia

“…The tofu wastewater has a high number of BOD and COD value, i.e., 6,000-8,000 mg/L and 7,500-14,000 mg/L, respectively (Zheng et al, 2010;Faisal et al, 2016;Karamah et al, 2018;Wang et al, 2018;Sabarudin & Kartohardjono, 2020). Besides that, the untreated wastewater from the tofu production has an economic value due to the organic compounds and several types of gases contained in the wastewater, i.e., oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) (Faisal et al, 2016;Anggraini et al, 2020). The organic compounds in the wastewater can be in the form of protein (40-60%), carbohydrate (25-50%), oil and fat (10%), and nutrients i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) (Wang et al, 2018;Chua & Liu, 2019;Anggraini et al, 2020;Chaorlina et al, 2020).…”

“…Besides that, the untreated wastewater from the tofu production has an economic value due to the organic compounds and several types of gases contained in the wastewater, i.e., oxygen (O2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia (NH3), carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) (Faisal et al, 2016;Anggraini et al, 2020). The organic compounds in the wastewater can be in the form of protein (40-60%), carbohydrate (25-50%), oil and fat (10%), and nutrients i.e., nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) (Wang et al, 2018;Chua & Liu, 2019;Anggraini et al, 2020;Chaorlina et al, 2020). A high value of N, P, and K in the wastewater has a potency to damage environment due to the eutrophication caused by the organic compounds (Lin, et al, 2020;Potter & Röös, 2021).…”