Utilization of various solid leather wastes for the production of blended bricks

Senthil, R.; Kavukcu, Serdar Batıkan; Çakır, Sinem Yeygel; Türkmen, Hayati; Başaran, Bahri; Alagumuthu, Tamilselvi

doi:10.1007/s10098-022-02295-0

Cited by 14 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…For example, due to the high content of chromium, solid waste from tanned leather can be used to produce ceramic nanopigments [ 43 , 44 ], or to produce re-tanning agents in the leather industry. At the same time, due to the high content of carbon and nitrogen present in the protein part, solid waste from tanned leather can be used in the production of fertilizers [ 45 ], flexible multilayer sensors [ 46 ], eco-friendly wood adhesive [ 47 ], biofuels, biochar [ 28 , 48 ], adsorbent materials [ 49 , 50 ], and construction materials [ 51 , 52 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depollution of Polymeric Leather Waste by Applying the Most Current Methods of Chromium Extraction

Codreanu (Manea),

Stefan,

Kim

et al. 2024

Polymers

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The leather industry is one of the most polluting industries in the world due to the large amounts of waste following raw hide processing but also due to the high content of chemical substances present in leather waste. The main problem with chromium-tanned leather solid waste is related to the storage, due to the ability of chromium to leach into soil or water, and also owing to the high ability of trivalent chromium to oxidize to its toxic form, hexavalent chromium. The purpose of this article is to present the most current methods of chromium extraction from solid tanned leather waste in order to obtain non-polluting leather, which can constitute secondary raw material in new industrial processes. The extraction methods identified in the present study are based on acid/basic/enzymatic hydrolysis and substitution with the help of organic chelators (organic acids and organic acid salts). In addition, this study includes a comparative analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of each identified extraction method. At the same time, this study also presents alternative chromium extraction methods based on the combination of conventional extraction methods and ultrasound-assisted extraction.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depollution of Polymeric Leather Waste by Applying the Most Current Methods of Chromium Extraction

Codreanu (Manea),

Stefan,

Kim

et al. 2024

Polymers

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“…For example, due to the high content of chromium, solid waste from tanned leather can be used to produce ceramic nano pigments [37,38], or to produce retanning agents in the leather industry. At the same time, due to the high content of carbon and nitrogen present in the protein part, solid waste from tanned leather can be used in the production of fertilizers [39], flexible sensor multilayer production [40], eco-friendly wood adhesive [41], biofuels , biochar [24,42], adsorbent materials [43,44], and construction materials [45,46].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Most Used Methods of Chrome Extraction from Leather Polymer Wastes

Codreanu (Manea),

Stefan,

Kim

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The leather industry is one of the most polluting industries in the world due to the large amounts of waste following the raw hides processing, but also due to the high content of chemicals present in their composition. The main problem of chromium-tanned leather solid waste is related to their storage, because of the ability of chromium to leach in soil or water, and also owing to the high ability of trivalent chromium to oxidize to its toxic form, hexavalent chromium. The purpose of this study is to present the latest methods for extracting trivalent chromium from the composition of solid leather wastes. The extraction methods identified in the present study are based on acid/basic/enzymatic hydrolysis and substitution with the help of organic chelators (organic acids and organic acid salts). In addition, the study includes a comparative analysis between the advantages and disadvantages of each identified extraction method. At the same time, the study also presentes alternative chromium extraction methods based on the combination of conventional extraction methods and ultrasound-assisted extraction.

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“…were developed to separate and purify collagen and chrome contained in CS. 1 The obtained products are widely applied as chemical materials, 10 environmental protection materials, 11 building materials, 12 adsorbents, 13 currently capable of separating collagen and chrome, they also have some nonnegligible disadvantages, such as being complex and expensive to operate, and easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment during the dechroming process. 14 For example, Selvaraj et al carried out acid, alkalis, and acidmediated enzymatic methods for the dechroming of CS and used the obtained hydrolysis products of collagen for the preparation of composite sound-absorbing materials, but the rate of dechroming was not high (0.16−2.47%), and the preparation method was complicated and easy to cause secondary pollution owing to the use of various chemicals.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…were developed to separate and purify collagen and chrome contained in CS . The obtained products are widely applied as chemical materials, environmental protection materials, building materials, adsorbents, and others. Although these indirect methods are currently capable of separating collagen and chrome, they also have some nonnegligible disadvantages, such as being complex and expensive to operate, and easy to cause secondary pollution to the environment during the dechroming process .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cleaner, High-Efficiency, and High-Value Conversion of Chrome-Containing Leather Solid Waste into Carbon Quantum Dots as Renewable Bimetallic Ions Detection Sensors

He,

Shen,

Zhang

et al. 2023

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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A simple hydrothermal method was conducted to transform chrome shavings (CS) into carbon quantum dots (CS-CQDs) that were then applied as supersensitive chemical sensors for the detection of Cr 6+ (1.40 μM limit of detection (LOD)) and Fe 3+ (1.67 μM LOD) ions. Meanwhile, most of the chromium in CS deposited in the resulting precipitate, realizing the separation and recovery of chromium. CS-CQDs were further used to prepare an "intelligent fluorescent switchable sensor" (IFSS) hydrogel with high sensitivity for the identification of Cr 6+ in tannery wastewater (LOD of 45.59 μmol/L). Interestingly, the quenched IFSS-Cr 6+ hydrogel system could be applied to determine ascorbic acid (AA) with a LOD of 21.33 μmol/L, owing to the reduction of Cr 6+ into Cr 3+ by AA and thus the IFSS's fluorescence regeneration. This ″fluorescent on/off″ effect could be recycled at least four times. IFSS hydrogel also could adsorb Cr 6+ ions (13.50 mg/g) and is done so after the reduction by AA. The possible sensing mechanism to Cr 6+ was confirmed to be the internal filtration effect and electron transfer. This work not only developed a feasible and clean recycling method of CS but also produced a smart functional material for the determination and separation of Cr 6+ , achieving "turning trash into treasure".

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Utilization of various solid leather wastes for the production of blended bricks

Cited by 14 publications

References 39 publications

Depollution of Polymeric Leather Waste by Applying the Most Current Methods of Chromium Extraction

Depollution of Polymeric Leather Waste by Applying the Most Current Methods of Chromium Extraction

The Most Used Methods of Chrome Extraction from Leather Polymer Wastes

Cleaner, High-Efficiency, and High-Value Conversion of Chrome-Containing Leather Solid Waste into Carbon Quantum Dots as Renewable Bimetallic Ions Detection Sensors

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