Utilization of Volatile Fatty Acids from Microalgae for the Production of High Added Value Compounds

Chalima, Angelina; Oliver, Laura; Castro, Laura Fernández de; Karnaouri, Anthi; Dietrich, T.; Topakas, Evangelos

doi:10.3390/fermentation3040054

Cited by 70 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 83 publications

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“…It is understood that algae possess isocitrate lyase and malate synthase, enzymes necessary to carry out the glyoxylate cycle [30]. The glyoxylate cycle plays an essential role in acetate metabolism and also allows for bypass of OGDH.…”

Section: Impacts Of Thiamine and Hmp On Algal Central Metabolism In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of thiamine metabolites and spent medium from Chlorella sorokiniana on metabolism in the green algae Auxenochlorella prototheciodes

Higgins

Wang

et al. 2018

Algal Research

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Auxenochlorella protothecoides is a known thiamine auxotroph but our past work has shown that it can synthesize thiamine if provided with the precursor molecule 4-amino-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyrimidine (HMP). Partial thiamine auxotrophy is common in microalgae with important ramifications for global phytoplankton productivity as well as engineering applications of algae. While thiamine deficiency can greatly depress algae growth and lipid content, the detailed metabolic impacts of thiamine deficiency are not well understood. We used metabolomics to study the response to thiamine-limited and replete conditions in mixotrophic A. protothecoides. We also investigated the impacts of exogenous HMP addition and the use of spent medium from another green algae, C. sorokiniana, as a source of thiamine metabolites. This is the first study, to our knowledge, that addresses metabolic impacts of thiamine deficiency and alleviation in green microalgae. Thiamine deficient cultures exhibited accumulation of pyruvate and α-ketoglutarate, indicating bottlenecks at the pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) and oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDH) complexes. Both PDH and OGDH require thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) as a cofactor. Transketolase also requires TPP but we only observed build-up of ribose-5-phosphate when glucose was supplied as a substrate. As expected, thiamine and HMP addition could alleviate these metabolic bottlenecks while greatly increasing algal growth, neutral lipid and starch content. Spent medium from C. sorokiniana only appeared to partially alleviate thiamine deficiency and resulted in build-up of isocitrate and glycolate, metabolites that appeared relatively unaffected by the presence or absence of thiamine. Interestingly, longer culture time of C. sorokiniana when preparing the spent medium led to much higher availability of thiamine metabolites. Thus, under the right conditions, it may be possible to co-culture mutually beneficial algae species and/or recycle spent cultivation medium to overcome auxotrophy in algae.

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Section: Impacts Of Thiamine and Hmp On Algal Central Metabolism In Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of thiamine metabolites and spent medium from Chlorella sorokiniana on metabolism in the green algae Auxenochlorella prototheciodes

Higgins

Wang

et al. 2018

Algal Research

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“…Few studies on the cultivation of thraustochytrids using single VFA as carbon source have been attempted so far; only C. cohnii has been proposed for the production of lipids ( Chalima et al, 2017 ). The oleaginous thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Study on lipogenesis by oleaginous microalgae and yeast cultivated on single VFA as well as on the mixture of VFAs are extensively studied for biofuel production ( Xia and Murphy, 2016 ; Llamas et al, 2020 ). PUFA production by marine microalga Crypthecodinium Cohnii cultivated on mixture of VFAs is also an explored topic ( Chalima et al, 2017 ), but to the best of our knowledge this is the first attempt to cultivate an oleaginous marine thraustochytrids using a mixture of VFAs as carbon source. Moreover, in this study, five oleaginous microorganisms were selected to cultivate on VFAs produced through anaerobic digestion of food mixture.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Generated by Anaerobic Digestion Serve as Feedstock for Freshwater and Marine Oleaginous Microorganisms to Produce Biodiesel and Added-Value Compounds

et al. 2021

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Given an increasing focus on environmental sustainability, microbial oils have been suggested as an alternative to petroleum-based products. However, microbial oil production relies on the use of costly sugar-based feedstocks. Substrate limitation, elevated costs, and risk of contamination have sparked the search for alternatives to sugar-based platforms. Volatile fatty acids are generated during anaerobic digestion of organic waste and are considered a promising substrate for microbial oil production. In the present study, two freshwater and one marine microalga along with two thraustochytrids were evaluated for their potential to produce lipids when cultivated on volatile fatty acids generated from food waste via anaerobic digestion using a membrane bioreactor. Freshwater microalgae Auxenochlorella protothecoides and Chlorella sorokiniana synthesized lipids rich in palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1), and linoleic acid (C18:2). This composition corresponds to that of soybean and jatropha oils, which are used as biodiesel feedstock. Production of added-value polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mainly omega-3 fatty acids was examined in three different marine strains: Aurantiochytrium sp. T66, Schizochytrium limacinum SR21, and Crypthecodinium cohnii. Only Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 seemed promising, generating 43.19% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and 13.56% docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) in total lipids. In summary, we show that A. protothecoides, C. sorokiniana, and Aurantiochytrium sp. T66 can be used for microbial oil production from food waste material.

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“…Gupta et al reported that Thraustrochytrium aureum 28210 can reach 48.3-58.2% of DHA of total fatty acids [83]. Lee Chang et al reported results of 41-75% of DHA of total fatty acids for Thraustrochytrium aureum 38304 strain -and 5-13% of DHA for ulkenia [84]. In a recent report, the main PUFA producer's growth under heterotrophic conditions were reviewed by Chalima et al [85].…”

Section: Heterotrophic Microalgae For Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Producing Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Review of Sustainable Sources and Future Trends for the EPA and DHA Market

et al. 2020

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Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Omega-3 PUFA) are recognized as being essential compounds for human nutrition and health. The human body generates only low levels of Omega-3 PUFA. Conventional sources of Omega-3 PUFA are from marine origin. However, the global growth of population combined with a better consumer understanding about healthy nutrition leads to the fact that traditional sources are exhausted and therefore not enough to satisfy the demand of Omega-3 PUFA for human diet as well as aquaculture. Microalgae cultivated under heterotrophic conditions is increasingly recognized as a suitable technology for the production of the Omega-3 PUFA. The high cost of using glucose as main carbon source for cultivation is the main challenge to establish economical feasible production processes. The latest relevant studies provide alternative pathways for Omega-3 PUFA production. As preliminary results show, volatile fatty acids (VFA) recovered from waste stream could be a good alternative to the use of glucose as carbon source in microalgae cultivation. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the actual situation of Omega-3 PUFA production, sources and market request to provide a summary on sustainable sources that are being investigated as well as present and future market trends in Omega-3 market.

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Utilization of Volatile Fatty Acids from Microalgae for the Production of High Added Value Compounds

Cited by 70 publications

References 83 publications

Impact of thiamine metabolites and spent medium from Chlorella sorokiniana on metabolism in the green algae Auxenochlorella prototheciodes

Impact of thiamine metabolites and spent medium from Chlorella sorokiniana on metabolism in the green algae Auxenochlorella prototheciodes

Volatile Fatty Acids (VFAs) Generated by Anaerobic Digestion Serve as Feedstock for Freshwater and Marine Oleaginous Microorganisms to Produce Biodiesel and Added-Value Compounds

Producing Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Review of Sustainable Sources and Future Trends for the EPA and DHA Market

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