Utilization of waste bottom ash as mineral additive with partial replacement of cement in geotechnical grouting works based on mechanical features

Çeli̇k, Fatih; Çınar, Muhammet; Akcuru, Osman

doi:10.1007/s12517-022-10560-1

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Hydrologists, hydrometeorologists, and hydrogeologists frequently employ statistical criteria to evaluate how closely simulated behaviors match measurements [40][41][42][43][44][45][46]. The following statistical indices were used in this study for the evaluation of the model performance.…”

Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach for Completing Missing Data Series in Pan Evaporation Using Multi-Meteorologic Phenomena

Dis

2023

Sustainability

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The most crucial losses in the hydrological cycle occur due to evaporation (EP). As a result, the accurate attainment of this complex phenomenon is critical in studies on irrigation, efficiency in the basins, dams, continuous hydrometeorological simulations, flood frequency, and water budget analysis. However, EP data sets are expensive, difficult to sustainably measure, and scarce, also, predictions are challenging tasks due to the wide range of parameters involved in these processes. In this study, the data gaps are filled with Class A evaporation pan observations through building a new meteorological station during seasons with no gauge measurements available for a three-year time period. These observations demonstrate high correlations with the readings from the Meteorology Airport Station, with a PCC of 0.75. After the continuous EP time series was completed over Kahramanmaras, these values were retrieved non-linearly via an artificial intelligence model using multi-meteorological parameters. In the study, the simulation performance is evaluated with the help of eight different statistical metrics in addition to graphical representations. The evaluation reveals that, when compared to the other EP functions, using both temperature and wind-driven simulations has the highest correlation (PCC = 0.94) and NSCE (0.87), as well as the lowest bias (PBias = −1.65%, MAE = 1.27 mm d−1, RMSD = 1.6 mm d−1, CRMSE = 24%) relative to the gauge measurements, while they give the opposite results in the solely precipitation-based models (PCC = 0.42, NSCE = 0.17, PBias = −6.44%, MAE = 3.58 mm d−1, RMSD = 4.2 mm d−1, CRMSE = 62%). It has been clearly seen that the temperature parameter is the most essential factor, while precipitation alone may be insufficient in EP predictions; additionally, wind speed and relative humidity would improve the prediction performance in artificial intelligence techniques.

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Section: Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Approach for Completing Missing Data Series in Pan Evaporation Using Multi-Meteorologic Phenomena

Dis

2023

Sustainability

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“…Unlike destructive testing methods that require core samples, the UPV test is nondestructive, meaning it does not damage the jet grout columns. This is especially important when the columns are intended to provide foundation support or ground improvement for structures [25,32,33]. ure 4a-c.…”

Section: The Mechanical Properties Of Cjg Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figure 6 shows the results for three soil types and different injection pressures and different w/c ratios. According to the UPV test results stated in the literature; those above 5000 m/s are defined as very high speed, those between 4000 and 5000 m/s as high speed, those between 3500 and 4000 m/s as medium speed, those between 2500 and 3500 m/s as low speed, and those less than 2500 m/s as very low speed [25,32,33]. According to the specified values, S-CJG400-0.75, S-CJG450-0.75, and S-CJG400-1.00 samples were found to have medium speed in sandy soil, while other sandy soil samples were found to have low speed.…”

Section: The Mechanical Properties Of Cjg Columnsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Features of Cementitious Jet Grout Applications for Various Soil Types

Cinar

2023

Buildings

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The cementitious jet grout method (CJG) is one of the most preferred methods for the ground reinforcement of building foundations. As a result of the soil improvement made with the CJG, it was observed that there was a decrease in settlement, permeability, and liquefaction potential and an increase in the bearing capacity. In this study, columns with different grouting pressures (400, 450, and 500 bar) and water/cement ratios of 0.75, 1.00, and 1.25 were produced on several soil types (sand, clay, and alluvial soil) that have high liquefaction, settlement potential, and low bearing capacity. CJG columns were kept for 28 days after completion and then removed from the soil, and diameter measurements were made and significant differences were observed according to pressure and w/c ratios. Three samples were taken in CJG columns extracted from the ground. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the physical (water absorption rate, density, and porosity) and mechanical (UCS and UPV) properties of CJG column samples. The highlighting of this paper is to build full-scale CJG columns in sandy soil, clay soil, and alluvial soil, increase the geotechnical engineering properties, and investigate the strength development, and diameter under different w/c ratios and different injection pressures. The strength of CJG columns in sandy soils was found between 36 and 15 MPa, in clay soils between 15 and 4 MPa and in alluvial soils between 32 and 15 MPa. Moreover, it was observed that there was a significant increase in the diameters with the increase in the injection pressure and a decrease in the compressive strengths. When the CJG column diameters were compared with constant injection pressure and increasing w/c ratios, the maximum increase was found to be 13% for sandy soils, 10% for clayey soils, and 14% for alluvial soils. The column diameters were 37% larger for sandy soils than clayey soils and 26% larger than alluvial soils at the same w/c ratio and constant injection pressure. In conclusion, since the results found in this study were made on a real scale in the field and for three different soil conditions, the results can be used directly in future engineering applications.

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“…This is often performed to make the soil suitable for construction purposes or to enhance its load-bearing capacity. Various techniques and materials can be used for soil stabilization, depending on the specific features of the soil and the intended use of the stabilized ground [1][2][3]. Soil stabilization is crucial in construction projects, particularly in areas with weak or problematic soils.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Careful testing and engineering analyses are typically conducted to determine the appropriate dosage and mixing procedures to achieve the desired stabilization results. Utilizing waste materials for soil stabilization not only provides a sustainable solution but also contributes to reducing the environmental impact associated with waste disposal [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)

Cinar

2024

Sustainability

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Türkiye is surrounded by active faults that have the potential to produce big earthquakes. Recently, one of these faults has become active. Two earthquakes of magnitude 7.7 and 7.6 occurred 9 h apart on 6 February 2023 in Kahramanmaraş. It is reported that 150 million tons of earthquake demolition waste (EDW) is estimated to be produced as a result of those natural hazards. This waste poses a serious risk to both the environment and human health. Its use in geotechnical applications will provide serious environmental benefits. In this study, Afşin–Elbistan fly ash (AEFA) and EDW were used to stabilize weak clayey soils in different proportions. Samples were prepared by separately adding 5, 10, 15, and 20% AEFA and EDW to high-plasticity clay. The AEFA used in this study was used because the production of AEFA is too high, and it is not used in concrete production because it does not comply with the standards and causes serious environmental problems for the region. The Atterberg limit, standard compaction, unconfined compression strength (UCS), triaxial, and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were performed on soil samples, and samples were prepared from soil mixtures with various proportions of AEFA and EDW added. In addition, clay mixtures were prepared with EDW by keeping the AEFA ratio constant at 15% and their effects were also investigated. According to Atterberg test results, the natural soil class was determined as high-plasticity clay, the soil class of the mixtures created by adding EDW and AEFA was determined as low-plasticity clay, and all ternary mixtures were determined as low-plasticity silt. In addition, the maximum dry density increased for all mixtures, while the optimum water content decreased. A significant increase was observed in UCS test results, especially in ternary mixtures. While cohesion increased in AEFA mixtures, it decreased in ternary mixtures as the EDW ratio increased. It was observed that the internal friction angle increased in all mixtures. According to CBR test results, it was determined that the binary AEFA mixture ratio was 20%, the binary EDW mixture ratio was 10% and above, and all ratios of the ternary AEFA + EDW mixtures could be used as road sub-base material. After the major earthquake disaster, the use of EDW is of great importance for the environment. As a result, AEFA and EDW were found to enhance the geotechnical properties of clay.

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Utilization of waste bottom ash as mineral additive with partial replacement of cement in geotechnical grouting works based on mechanical features

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

A New Approach for Completing Missing Data Series in Pan Evaporation Using Multi-Meteorologic Phenomena

A New Approach for Completing Missing Data Series in Pan Evaporation Using Multi-Meteorologic Phenomena

Investigation of Mechanical and Physical Features of Cementitious Jet Grout Applications for Various Soil Types

Utilization of Earthquake Demolition Wastes and Afşin–Elbistan Fly Ash for Soil Improvement after the Kahramanmaraş Earthquake (6 February 2023)

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