“…Scholars in both international development and service-learning are conscious of troubling rates of program failure (Grady et al, 2014;Hartman et al, 2018), which has led to research focused on monitoring, evaluation, and program redesign (Ika et al, 2012;Lawler, 2011), as well as tools for assessing servicelearning community-campus partnerships (e.g., Model of Social Change, TRES Framework, SOFAR Model-see Kniffin et al, 2020;Sgoutas-Emch & Guerrieri, 2020). Similarly, a number of critiques of GSL projects point out the potential for tremendous community damage in poorly designed GSL (Hartman et al, 2018;Illich, 1968).…”