Utilizing Industrial By-Products for Sustainable Three-Dimensional-Printed Infrastructure Applications: A Comprehensive Review

Abstract

Industrial secondary products (e.g., fly ash, blast furnace slag, and silica fume) have found extensive application as alternative construction materials in conventional manufacturing methods to reduce carbon emissions due to cement usage and solve the waste management problem. To date, additive manufacturing or 3D printing has been massively developed for every material, including cement-based materials. Some possibilities have arisen to incorporate industrial wastes in cement mixtures in 3D printing applications. However, a comprehensive study about fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBFS), and silica fume (SF) usage in 3D-printed materials needs to be conducted. This paper shows that some aspects of 3D printing, such as printability, buildability, and rheological properties, need to be considered, and waste materials affect these fresh mixture properties. Applying waste materials as supplementary cementitious materials also gives different mechanical properties and durability performances. Furthermore, the environmental and economic benefits of 3D-printed and conventional materials are compared. The results show that 3D printing methods can enhance the environmental and economic benefits while maintaining the performance of materials created using traditional methods. Studying industrial waste application in 3D printing has become a promising way to develop sustainable materials in this digitalization era.

Analysis of Experience in the Use of Micro- and Nanoadditives from Silicon Production Waste in Concrete Technologies

“…Nano-SiO 2 generated through the sol-gel process, when catalyzed by bases, tends to be more cross-linked than when catalyzed by acids. Consequently, acid-catalyzed nano-SiO 2 has shown more efficacy in enhancing the compressive strength of mortars compared to base-catalyzed nano-SiO 2 [111][112][113][114][115][116][117][118][119][120][121][122][123][124][125][126][127][128][129][130].…”

Using Multiple Machine Learning Models to Predict the Strength of UHPC Mixes with Various FA Percentages

“…The mechanical properties of UHPC with various mix designs and additives have been the focus of numerous recent investigations. Researchers have shown interest in using eco-friendly supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) such as ground granulated blast slag furnaces (GGBFS) and fly ash (FA) in concrete [7][8][9][10][11][12]. This is due to the fact that cement is a major contributor to CO 2 emissions, accounting for about 8% of global CO 2 emissions [13].…”

Evaluation of Skid Resistance and Comfort of Pedestrian Pavement with Asphalt-Based Wood Chip

“…Research on anti-slip and shock-absorbing roads has been conducted both domestically and internationally [5]. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Regulations in the United States, the anti-slip friction coefficient standard for all grounds and sidewalks providing walking and activity spaces in public institutions, schools, commercial areas, tourist attractions, and transportation sectors must reach 0.60 (measured value) or above, and 0.8 (measured value) for sloping areas [6]. The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) states that a static friction coefficient of 0.50 or above for ground materials in a dry state can be considered safe.…”