“…In recent years, many swarm optimization algorithms has developed, such as hunger games search (HGS) [ 23 ], weighted mean of vectors (INFO) [ 24 ], Runge Kutta optimizer (RUN) [ 25 ], colony predation algorithm (CPA) [ 26 ], slime mould algorithm (SMA) [ 27 , 28 ], Harris hawks optimization (HHO) [ 29 ], and rime optimization algorithm (RIME) [ 30 ]. They have been applied to solve many problems such as bankruptcy prediction [ 31 ], global optimization [ 32 , 33 ], constrained multi-objective optimization [ 34 ], numerical optimization [ [35] , [36] , [37] ], scheduling optimization [ 38 , 39 ], large-scale complex optimization [ 40 ], feature selection [ [41] , [42] , [43] , [44] , [45] ], multi-objective optimization [ 46 ], economic emission dispatch [ 47 ], and feed-forward neural networks [ 48 ]. In addition to these, ant lion optimizer (ALO) was designed in 2015, which mainly inspired the predatory action of ant lions of nature, mainly including ants, ant lions and elite ant lions [ 22 ].…”