Utricular otoconia of some amphibians have calcitic morphology

Pote, Kenneth G.; Ross, Muriel D.

doi:10.1016/0378-5955(93)90246-w

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…These results were not in agreement with those obtained with the frog Rana esculenta in which both aragonitic and calcitic otoconia were detected by morphological and X-ray di¡raction analyses (Marmo et al, 1983b). More recently, in di¡erent species of anurans and urodeles, the morphological features of otoconia removed from di¡erent sites of the adult inner ear were examined using scanning electron microscope (Pote and Ross, 1993 ;Wiederhold et al, 1995 ;Kido and Takahashi, 1997). All the utricular otoconia presented a calcitic morphology which resembled calcitic otoconia removed from the labyrinth of reptiles, birds or mammals (Ross and Peacor, 1975 ;Marmo et al, 1981 ;Ballarino et al, 1985).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…We are currently testing this hypothesis by studying the inner ear organogenesis in the urodele Pleurodeles waltl. In all amphibian species examined including Pleurodeles, the mature calcitic otoconia located in the utricle have nearly the same size (50 Wm þ 3) and the same morphology (Pote and Ross, 1993;Kido and Takahashi, 1997), but the size and distribution of the aragonitic polymorphic otoconia (prismatic and fusiform) located in the saccule and lagena vary from one species to another. The otoconia located in the endolymphatic sac present predominantly a prismatic shape and have di¡erent sizes (Pote and Ross, 1993 ;Kido and Takahashi, 1997).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all amphibian species examined including Pleurodeles, the mature calcitic otoconia located in the utricle have nearly the same size (50 Wm þ 3) and the same morphology (Pote and Ross, 1993;Kido and Takahashi, 1997), but the size and distribution of the aragonitic polymorphic otoconia (prismatic and fusiform) located in the saccule and lagena vary from one species to another. The otoconia located in the endolymphatic sac present predominantly a prismatic shape and have di¡erent sizes (Pote and Ross, 1993 ;Kido and Takahashi, 1997). The formation, biomineralization and the size of otoconia are related to the otoconial organic matrix consisting of a core and peripheral proteins (Salamat et al, 1980;Lowenstam, 1981;Campos et al, 1984;Pote and Ross, 1986;Fermin, 1993;Hallworth et al, 1995 ;.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In amphibians, previous studies on inner ears have dealt mostly with anurans that have supposedly only aragonitic otoconia (Funaoka and Toyota, 1928 ;Carlstro « m and Engstro « m, 1955;Carlstro «m, 1963;Parson and Cardell, 1965 ;Lim, 1974;Rosauer and Redmond, 1985). However, the presence of calcitic otoconia in the inner ear of anurans and urodeles was recently reported (Lewis and Pawley, 1981;Pote and Ross, 1993;Wiederhold et al, 1995;Kido and Takahashi, 1997). Moreover, Marmo et al (1983a) using X-ray di¡raction showed in Rana esculenta the presence of calcitic crystals in the utricle and of aragonitic crystals in the saccule, lagena and endolymphatic sac.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

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Crystallographic and chemical composition of otoconia in the salamander Pleurodeles waltl

Oukda¹,

François²,

Membre³

et al. 1999

Hearing Research

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The aim of the present study was to define the morphology and the crystallographic and chemical composition of otoconia in different regions of the inner ear in Pleurodeles waltl (urodele amphibian). The inner ear of adults was microdissected and otoconia were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy. Two types of crystals were detected by SEM. Otoconia had different shapes depending on their location in the membranous labyrinth. One type had a cylindrical body with a triplanar smooth facet at each end, the other ones had either a prismatic shape with flat sides and end faces or a fusiform shape with rounded body and pointed end. The forms corresponded to those previously identified by other authors. These two types of otoconia had different X-ray diffraction patterns. The cylindrical otoconia were calcitic and located in the utricle, the other ones were aragonitic and located in the saccule, lagena and endolymphatic sac. An analysis by EDX indicated that both types of otoconia contained about 95% calcium with trace quantities of sodium, magnesium, phosphorus, sulfur, chlorine and potassium. Trace amounts of strontium was only found in the aragonitic otoconia. ß 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Crystallographic and chemical composition of otoconia in the salamander Pleurodeles waltl

Oukda¹,

François²,

Membre³

et al. 1999

Hearing Research

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“…Our scanning electron microscopical examination indicated that the crystals in the bullfrog endolymphatic sac were of a prismatic shape (unpublished data), as reported for several species of amphibians (Pote and Ross 1993;Kido and Takahashi 1997), and exhibited the typical morphology of aragonitic otoconia. In fact, the N-terminal 45 amino acid residues of the bPLP were identical to those of otoconin-22, the major protein of aragonitic otoconia in the Xenopus saccule .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 70%

Immunocytochemical Localization of Secretory Phospholipase A₂-like Protein in the Pituitary Gland and Surrounding Tissue of the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

Yaoi

Kikuyama²,

Hayashi³

et al. 2001

J Histochem Cytochem.

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S U M M A R YPreviously, we obtained a protein that has considerable amino acid sequence homology with secretory phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) from a bullfrog pituitary fraction obtained during the purification of thyrotropin (TSH). Subsequently, partial amino acid sequence (N-terminal 45 amino acid residues) analysis revealed this protein to be identical to the N-terminal amino acid sequence of otoconin-22, the major protein of aragonitic otoconia in the Xenopus saccule. In this study we developed an antibody against the N-terminal peptide of the bullfrog protein and applied it for immunocytochemical study of the pituitary and its surrounding tissue. Western blotting analysis showed that this antibody recognizes a 20.4-kD protein that has a molecular mass close to that of otoconin-22. Immunohistochemical reaction with the antibody was not found in any anterior pituitary cells but was intense in the monolayer epithelial cells of the endolymphatic sac surrounding the pituitary gland, which is a major storage site of calcium carbonate in amphibians. An electron microscopic study revealed that the cuboidal cells in the endolymphatic sac contained large, polymorphic secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm. Immunogold particles indicating the presence of a PLA 2 -like protein were observed predominately in these secretory granules. These findings support the view that this PLA 2 -like protein obtained during purification of TSH was derived from the endolymphatic sac adhering to the pituitary and that this protein is a bullfrog otoconin. D uring purification of bullfrog pituitary thyrotropin (TSH) from a pituitary glycoprotein fraction, we noted a protein that did not separate from the main TSH fraction through several steps of chromatography, including anion-exchange column chromatography, affinity column chromatography for ␤ -subunits of bullfrog luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone and reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (Sakai et al. 1992). We finally succeeded in separating this protein from the main TSH fraction by affinity column chromatography for the bullfrog ␣ -subunit of pituitary glycoprotein hormones and by hydroxyapatite column chromatography. Partial amino acid sequence (N-terminal 45 amino acids) analysis of this protein revealed considerable amino acid sequence homology with secretory phospholipase A 2 (PLA 2 ) (Sakai 1992) and was identical to that of otoconin-22, the major protein of aragonitic otoconia in the saccule of the inner ear of Xenopus , which is considered to play a crucial role in depositing calcium carbonate . In general, it is well known that the membranous labyrinth of the inner ear consists of two main parts, i.e., the utriculus and sacculus, which make stones from calcium carbonate and are involved in the sense of balance. In most vertebrates the endolymphatic sac, which arises

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Vaterite, calcite, and aragonite in the otoliths of three species of piranha

Oliveira

Farina

Ludka

et al. 1996

Naturwissenschaften

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Utricular otoconia of some amphibians have calcitic morphology

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Crystallographic and chemical composition of otoconia in the salamander Pleurodeles waltl

Crystallographic and chemical composition of otoconia in the salamander Pleurodeles waltl

Immunocytochemical Localization of Secretory Phospholipase A₂-like Protein in the Pituitary Gland and Surrounding Tissue of the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

Vaterite, calcite, and aragonite in the otoliths of three species of piranha

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Utricular otoconia of some amphibians have calcitic morphology

Cited by 19 publications

References 20 publications

Crystallographic and chemical composition of otoconia in the salamander Pleurodeles waltl

Crystallographic and chemical composition of otoconia in the salamander Pleurodeles waltl

Immunocytochemical Localization of Secretory Phospholipase A2-like Protein in the Pituitary Gland and Surrounding Tissue of the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana

Vaterite, calcite, and aragonite in the otoliths of three species of piranha

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Immunocytochemical Localization of Secretory Phospholipase A₂-like Protein in the Pituitary Gland and Surrounding Tissue of the Bullfrog, Rana catesbeiana