UV DAMAGE TO THE EYE LENS: Further Results from Animal Model Studies: A review

Hockwin, O.; Kojima, Masami; Sakamoto, Y.; Wegener, Alfred; Shui, Ying Bo; Sasaki, Kohsuke

doi:10.2188/jea.9.6sup_39

Cited by 24 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Epidemiological reports and experimental studies indicate that cataract formation is a complicated process with many associated risk factors. The precise mechanism of action is not known although UV-B radiation is very strongly implicated and associations with latitude and climatically different countries have been reported (15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20).…”

Section: Uv-b and Cataractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion and increased UVB radiation: potential impacts to human health

Fabo

2005

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Contrary to popular belief, stratospheric ozone depletion, and the resultant increase in solar UV-B (280-320 nm), are unlikely to fully recover soon. Notwithstanding the success of the Montreal Protocol in reducing the amount of ozone destroying chemicals into the stratosphere, the lifetimes of these compounds are such that even with full compliance with the Protocol by all countries, it will be decades before stratospheric ozone could return to pre-1980 levels. This raises the question, therefore, of what will happen to biological processes essential to the maintenance of life on earth which are sensitive to damage by increased UV-B radiation, particularly those involved with human health? The polar regions, because of the vagaries of climate and weather, are the bellwether for stratospheric ozone depletion and will, therefore, be the first to experience impacts due to increases in solar UV-B radiation. The impacts of these are incompletely understood and cannot be predicted with certainty. While some UV-B impacts on human health are recognized, much is unknown, unclear and uncertain. Thus, this paper attempts, as a first approximation, to point out potential impacts to the health and welfare of human inhabitants of the Arctic due to increased solar UV-B radiation associated with stratospheric ozone depletion. As will be seen, much more data is critically needed before adequate risk assessment can occur.

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Section: Uv-b and Cataractsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion and increased UVB radiation: potential impacts to human health

Fabo

2005

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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“…To prevent UV damage to ocular tissues, such as the retina and lens [19][20][21] , various systems of protection against UV irradiation exist in the cornea. Aldehyde dehydrogenase 3A1 [22] is regarded as a protective factor that promotes UV absorption [23][24][25][26] .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV Absorption in Human Oral Mucosal Epithelial Sheets for Ocular Surface Reconstruction

et al. 2006

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Background: Ocular surface reconstruction with autologous oral mucosal epithelium has attracted attention as a novel treatment strategy that avoids allograft rejection. Objectives: To evaluate the absorption of ultraviolet (UV) A or B irradiation by human oral mucosal epithelium cultured on human amniotic membrane. Methods: Human oral mucosal and limbal epithelial cells were co-cultured on amniotic membrane with inactivated 3T3 fibroblasts. The cell sheets were also subjected to UV-A (365 nm) or UV-B (302 nm) irradiation at energy levels ranging from 50 to 800 µW/cm², and the UV absorption rate was measured with a UV irradiation meter. Results: Cultured oral mucosal epithelium had a structure with 3–5 layers of cells, consistent with the histological features of cultured corneal limbal epithelium after 4 weeks. The decrease in UV-A absorption of cultivated oral mucosal epithelium ranged from 25 to 36% of that for cultured corneal epithelium. The increase in UV-B absorption by cultured oral mucosal epithelium between 200 and 800 µW/cm² was approximately 145% of that for cultured corneal limbal epithelium. Conclusion: Our data demonstrated that cultured oral mucosal epithelium has low UV-A and high UV-B absorption capacity as compared with those of cultured corneal epithelium, suggesting that oral mucosal epithelium can compensate for UV absorption of corneal epithelium.

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“…UV cataract can be generated in animals and in vitro, with a solid body of evidence70 to show an association between UV exposure and cataract formation. Underlying photochemical processes that change the molecular composition of the lens have been described 71,72…”

Section: Uv Hazard To Structures Of the Eyementioning

confidence: 99%

Ultraviolet damage to the eye revisited: eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF®), a new ultraviolet protection label for eyewear

Béhar-Cohen¹,

Baillet²,

Ayguavives³

et al. 2013

OPTH

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Ultraviolet (UV) radiation potentially damages the skin, the immune system, and structures of the eye. A useful UV sun protection for the skin has been established. Since a remarkable body of evidence shows an association between UV radiation and damage to structures of the eye, eye protection is important, but a reliable and practical tool to assess and compare the UV-protective properties of lenses has been lacking. Among the general lay public, misconceptions on eye-sun protection have been identified. For example, sun protection is mainly ascribed to sunglasses, but less so to clear lenses. Skin malignancies in the periorbital region are frequent, but usual topical skin protection does not include the lids. Recent research utilized exact dosimetry and demonstrated relevant differences in UV burden to the eye and skin at a given ambient irradiation. Chronic UV effects on the cornea and lens are cumulative, so effective UV protection of the eyes is important for all age groups and should be used systematically. Protection of children’s eyes is especially important, because UV transmittance is higher at a very young age, allowing higher levels of UV radiation to reach the crystalline lens and even the retina. Sunglasses as well as clear lenses (plano and prescription) effectively reduce transmittance of UV radiation. However, an important share of the UV burden to the eye is explained by back reflection of radiation from lenses to the eye. UV radiation incident from an angle of 135°–150° behind a lens wearer is reflected from the back side of lenses. The usual antireflective coatings considerably increase reflection of UV radiation. To provide reliable labeling of the protective potential of lenses, an eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF®) has been developed. It integrates UV transmission as well as UV reflectance of lenses. The E-SPF® compares well with established skin-sun protection factors and provides clear messages to eye health care providers and to lay consumers.

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UV DAMAGE TO THE EYE LENS: Further Results from Animal Model Studies: A review

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion and increased UVB radiation: potential impacts to human health

Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion and increased UVB radiation: potential impacts to human health

UV Absorption in Human Oral Mucosal Epithelial Sheets for Ocular Surface Reconstruction

Ultraviolet damage to the eye revisited: eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF®), a new ultraviolet protection label for eyewear

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UV DAMAGE TO THE EYE LENS: Further Results from Animal Model Studies: A review

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion and increased UVB radiation: potential impacts to human health

Arctic stratospheric ozone depletion and increased UVB radiation: potential impacts to human health

UV Absorption in Human Oral Mucosal Epithelial Sheets for Ocular Surface Reconstruction

Ultraviolet damage to the eye revisited: eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF&reg;), a new ultraviolet protection label for eyewear

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Product

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Ultraviolet damage to the eye revisited: eye-sun protection factor (E-SPF®), a new ultraviolet protection label for eyewear