UV inhibition of the nematode infection process in Arthrobotrys oligospora and Dactylaria candida

Friman, Eva

doi:10.1099/00221287-139-11-2841

Cited by 9 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Both explanations are feasible in this context. Early experiments in M. haptotylum showed that treatment with the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide does not affect the infection process (43). Thus, the traps of M. haptotylum appear to contain many of the proteins needed in the early stages of infection, and it is reasonable to assume that trap cells can tightly control the translation and degradation of these proteins to minimize the cost of protein synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Andersson

Meerupati

Levander

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Many nematophagous fungi use morphological structures called traps to capture nematodes by adhesion or mechanically. To better understand the cellular functions of adhesive traps, the trap cell proteome of the fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum was characterized. The trap of M. haptotylum consists of a unicellular structure called a knob that develops at the apex of a hypha. Proteins extracted from knobs and mycelia were analyzed using SDS-PAGE and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS). The peptide sequences were matched against predicted gene models from the recently sequenced M. haptotylum genome. In total, 336 proteins were identified, with 54 expressed at significantly higher levels in the knobs than in the mycelia. The upregulated knob proteins included peptidases, small secreted proteins with unknown functions, and putative cell surface adhesins containing carbohydrate-binding domains, including the WSC domain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all upregulated WSC domain proteins belonged to a large, expanded cluster of paralogs in M. haptotylum. Several peptidases and homologs of experimentally verified proteins in other pathogenic fungi were also upregulated in the knob proteome. Complementary profiling of gene expression at the transcriptome level showed poor correlation between the upregulation of knob proteins and their corresponding transcripts. We propose that the traps of M. haptotylum contain many of the proteins needed in the early stages of infection and that the trap cells can tightly control the translation and degradation of these proteins to minimize the cost of protein synthesis. N ematode-trapping fungi have the unique ability to capture and infect free-living nematodes (1). Given their potential use as biological control agents for plant-and animal-parasitic nematodes (2), there is much interest in studying their infection biology. To enter the parasitic stage, nematode-trapping fungi develop a unique morphological structure called traps. These traps develop from hyphal branches, either spontaneously or in response to signals from the environment, such as peptides or other compounds released by the host nematode (3). Molecular phylogeny studies have shown that the majority of nematode-trapping fungi belong to a monophyletic group in the order Orbiliales (Ascomycota). Within this clade, the trapping mechanisms have evolved along two major lineages, one leading to species with constricting rings and the other to species with adhesive traps, including three-dimensional networks, knobs, and branches (4-6).Despite large variation in their morphology, adhesive traps share a unique ultrastructure that clearly separates them from vegetative hyphae (3). One feature that is common to all traps is the presence of numerous cytosolic organelles called dense bodies. These organelles have catalase and D-amino acid oxidase activities, which indicates that they are peroxisome-like organelles (3). However, the function of these organelles is not yet fully understood. Another feature of th...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Andersson

Meerupati

Levander

et al. 2013

Appl Environ Microbiol

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“…It includes the weather conditions and the edaphic factors. Among all the weather conditions, UV irradiation, as a common cause of spore inactivation in the field, is the most reported factor, e.g., in one study, five-min UV irradiation of the nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora and Dactylaria candida caused an inhibition of the infection process (Friman 1993). Besides, the effect of the edaphic factors in which the MCAs are deployed is also important.…”

Section: Environmentmentioning

confidence: 98%

Microbial control of plant-parasitic nematodes: a five-party interaction

2006

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Plant-parasitic nematodes cause significant economic losses to a wide variety of crops. Chemical control is a widely used option for plantparasitic nematode management. However, chemical nematicides are now being reappraised in respect of environmental hazard, high costs, limited availability in many developing countries or their diminished effectiveness following repeated applications. This review presents progress made in the field of microbial antagonists of plant-parasitic nematodes, including nematophagous fungi, endophytic fungi, actinomycetes and bacteria. A wide variety of microorganisms are capable of repelling, inhibiting or killing plant-parasitic nematodes, but the commercialisation of these microorganisms lags far behind their resource investigation. One limiting factor is their inconsistent performance in the field. No matter how well suited a nematode antagonist is to a target nematode in a laboratory test, rational management decision can be made only by analysing the interactions naturally occurring among ''host plant-nematode target-soil-microbial control agent (MCA)-environment''. As we begin to develop a better understanding of the complex interactions, microbial control of nematodes will be more fine-tuned. Multidisciplinary collaboration and integration of biological control with other control methods will also contribute to more successful control practices.

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“…The bactericidal action of UVB is well known (12) and ambient UVB in sunlight plays a major role in controlling the growth of baterioplankton in the surface layer of the ocean (13). Ambient UVB also inhibits the infection of nematodes by nematode-trapping fungi (14), and ambient UVB reduces the photosynthesis and growth of benthic (bottomdwelling) diatom communities and inhibits the growth of algal consumers such as larval chironomids (15).…”

Section: Possible Biological Implications Of Sharplyreduceduvbmentioning

confidence: 99%

Significant Reduction of UVB Caused by Smoke from Biomass Burning in Brazil

Mlms¹

1996

Photochem & Photobiology

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Solar UVB radiation, total ozone and the aerosol optical thickness (AOT) of the atmosphere were measured at various sites in Brazil during season of 1995. Smoke from biomass burning caused very significant AOT and up to an 81% reduction in UVB at Cuiabá, hundreds of kilometers from the most widespread burning. Little or no smoke was apparent upwind of the major burning regions at and near Manaus, and UVB was close to the expected values. There is an increased incidence of respiratory, cardiopulmonary and other diseases associated with severe air pollution, but the responsible biological mechanisms are unknown. The bactericidal effects of solar UVB are well known, and significantly reduced UVB resulting from severe air pollution in regions where UVB levels are ordinarily high might enhance the survivability of pathogenic organisms in air and water and on surfaces exposed to sunlight.

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UV inhibition of the nematode infection process in Arthrobotrys oligospora and Dactylaria candida

Cited by 9 publications

References 24 publications

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Proteome of the Nematode-Trapping Cells of the Fungus Monacrosporium haptotylum

Microbial control of plant-parasitic nematodes: a five-party interaction

Significant Reduction of UVB Caused by Smoke from Biomass Burning in Brazil

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