UV irradiation-initiated MMA polymerization to prepare microcapsules containing phase change paraffin

Ma, Shenghua; Song, Guolin; Li, Wei; Fan, Pengfei; Tang, Guoyi

doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2010.05.021

Cited by 95 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Sari et al [56,57] also produced smaller sizes of NEPCM ranging from 0.14-0.40μm with 43wt% of n-Ocataedcane and 38wt% n-Heptadecane as core materials and at a stirring speed of 2000 rpm. Ma et al [58] produced higher core material content MEPCM which the core material content to be 61.2wt% and its latent heat capacity as much as 101kJ/kg. During the polymerization process UV irradiation light intensity and exposure time were used to control polymerization speed which helped to minimise the polymerization time to only 30 minutes.…”

Section: Emulsion/miniemulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of solid–liquid phase change materials and their encapsulation technologies

Darkwa

Kokogiannakis

2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

777

267

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Various types of solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) have been reviewed for thermal energy storage applications. The review has shown that organic solid-liquid PCMs have much more advantages and capabilities than inorganic PCMs but do possess low thermal conductivity and density as well as being flammable. Inorganic PCMs possess higher heat storage capacities and conductivities, cheaper and readily available as well as being non-flammable, but do experience supercooling and phase segregation problems during phase change process. The review has also shown that eutectic PCMs have unique advantage since their melting points can be adjusted. In addition, they have relatively high thermal conductivity and density but they possess low latent and specific heat capacities. Encapsulation technologies and shell materials have also been examined and limitations established. The morphology of particles was identified as a key influencing factor on the thermal and chemical stability and the mechanical strength of encapsulated PCMs. In general, in-situ polymerization method appears to offer the best technological approach in terms of encapsulation efficiency and structural integrity of core material. There is however the need for the development of enhancement methods and standardization of testing procedures for microencapsulated PCMs. Abstract: Various types of solid-liquid phase change materials (PCMs) have been reviewed for thermal energy storage applications. The review has shown that organic solid-liquid PCMs have much more advantages and capabilities than inorganic PCMs but do possess low thermal conductivity and density as well as being flammable. Inorganic PCMs possess higher heat storage capacities and conductivities, cheaper and readily available as well as being non-flammable, but do experience supercooling and phase segregation problems during phase change process. The review has also shown that eutectic PCMs have unique advantage since their melting points can be adjusted. In addition they have relatively high thermal conductivity and density but they possess low latent and specific heat capacities. Encapsulation technologies and shell materials have also been examined and limitations established. The morphology of particles were identified as a key influencing factor on the thermal and chemical stability and the mechanical strength of encapsulated PCMs. In general, in-situ polymerization method appears to offer the best technological approach in terms of encapsulation efficiency and structural integrity of core material. There is however the need for the development of enhancement methods and standardization of testing procedures for microencapsulated PCMs.

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Section: Emulsion/miniemulsion Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of solid–liquid phase change materials and their encapsulation technologies

Darkwa

Kokogiannakis

2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

777

267

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“…31,33 The crosslinked paraffin/P(MAA-co-EMA) microcapsule has the highest phase change enthalpies of melting (102.9 J/g) and crystallization (103.2 J/g) as well as the highest paraffin content (62.6 wt %). Apparently, the melting enthalpy of this microcapsules was slightly higher than that (94.8 J/g) of P(MMA-co-MA-co-MAA)/ paraffin microcapsule prepared by S anchez et al 9 and that (99.0 J/g) of P(MMA-co-AA)/paraffin microcapsule fabricated by Xu et al, 34 and similar to that of (101.0 J/g) of the paraffin wax phase in PMMA microcapsules fabricated by Ma et al, 35 and that (101.6 J/g) of paraffin/P(BMA-co-MAA) microcapsule prepared in our previous work. 12 Moreover, the paraffin content of this microcapsule was comparable to those (60.0-70.0 wt %) of the above microPCMs prepared by other acrylic resin as shell.…”

Section: Phase Change Properties and Thermal Stabilities Of Microcapsmentioning

confidence: 60%

“…The discontinuous phase consisting monomers, crosslink agent, paraffin, and initiator was added into the continuous phase. Next, the discontinuous phase was added into the continuous phase and was maintained for 15 min under vigorous agitation (1000 rpm) and a constant temperature of 35 C to form a stable oil-in-water emulsion. The polymerization process was allowed to continue under vigorous agitation (540 rpm) and a constant temperature of 85 C. The microencapsulation of paraffin and DEEP as core materials was conducted in a similar manner.…”

Section: Preparation Of Microcapsulesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…12 Moreover, the paraffin content of this microcapsule was comparable to those (60.0-70.0 wt %) of the above microPCMs prepared by other acrylic resin as shell. 9,12,34,35 However, the paraffin content of the microPCMs was decreased by around 12% when DEEP was introduced to the core materials since the DEEP loadings occupied a fraction of the interior space of the microcapsules. Figure 4 presents the TGA curves of paraffin and microcapsules.…”

Section: Phase Change Properties and Thermal Stabilities Of Microcapsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the one hand, the thermal decomposition of DEEP is an endothermic process with water vapor release, which can smother the flames by diluting the amount of oxygen in the surrounding air and reducing the ambient temperature. 34,35 On the other hand, the decomposition procedure of DEEP can form a cohesive and impact char layer, which can act as an excellent insulator and effectively inhibit the underlying flammable component contacting with oxygen and heat directly. Additionally, the decomposition procedure of phosphorous-containing fire retardant can also function in the vapor phase through an H radical capture mechanism to slow down the combustion rate.…”

Section: Flammability Of Microcapsule-treated Foamsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preparation and characterization of flame retardant phase change materials by microencapsulated paraffin and diethyl ethylphosphonate with poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐ethyl methacrylate) shell

Qiu

Chen

2015

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Microcapsules containing paraffin and diethyl ethylphosphonate (DEEP) flame retardant with uncrosslinked and crosslinked poly (methacrylic acid-co-ethyl methacrylate) (P(MAA-co-EMA)) shell were fabricated by suspension-like polymerization. The surface morphologies of the microencapsulated phase change materials (microPCMs) were studied by scanning electron microscopy. The thermal properties and thermal stabilities of the microPCMs were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retarding performances of the microcapsule-treated foams were calculated by using an oxygen index instrument. The DSC results showed that the crosslinking of the polymer shell led to an increase in the melting enthalpies of the microcapsule by more than 15%. The crosslinked P(MAA-co-EMA) microcapsules with DEEP and without DEEP have melting enthalpies of 67.2 and 102.9 J/g, respectively. The TGA results indicated that the thermal resistant temperature of the crosslinked microcapsules with DEEP was up to 171 C, which was higher than that of its uncrosslinked counterpart by 20 C. The incorporation of DEEP into the microPCM increased the limiting oxygen index value of the microcapsule-treated foams by over 5%. Thermal images showed that both microcapsule-treated foams with and without DEEP possessed favorably temperature-regulated properties. As a result, the microPCMs with paraffin and DEEP as core and P(MAA-co-EMA) as shell have good thermal energy storage and thermal regulation potentials, such as thermal-regulated foams heat insulation materials.

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PCMStorage

Cabeza

Fernández

Barreneche

et al. 2015

Handbook of Clean Energy Systems

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Since the nineteenth century, a systematic study of heat storage systems through latent heat using phase‐change materials ( PCM s) has been carried out. This article contains the most important and useful information about PCMs, system design and its applications, and advances that PCMs have undertaken today. The information related to the classification of PCM s and what properties must have a material to be considered as a PCM are presented. Owing to the loss by evaporation and to prevent leakage of PCM s, it is necessary to encapsulate it; therefore, a review of the methods of encapsulation is done, emphasizing microencapsulation: chemical, physicochemical and physicomechanical processes, and shape‐stabilized methods. PCM storage systems can be applied to use of latent heat for thermal protection or inertia or to store a big amount of energy in a small temperature range. In this article, depending on the application and the energy and power needs of PCM storage systems, the requirements, design, and methodologies are reviewed. Many applications of PCMs can be found. In this work, a detailed review of various applications such as electronic devices, food and medicine protection, clothing, buildings, and PCM s in concentrated solar power plants and in greenhouses is presented. In addition, implementation of latent heat energy storage in waste heat recovery systems and transportation of energy are mentioned. Few papers with economic evaluation of systems integrating PCM s are reviewed.

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UV irradiation-initiated MMA polymerization to prepare microcapsules containing phase change paraffin

Cited by 95 publications

References 33 publications

Review of solid–liquid phase change materials and their encapsulation technologies

Review of solid–liquid phase change materials and their encapsulation technologies

Preparation and characterization of flame retardant phase change materials by microencapsulated paraffin and diethyl ethylphosphonate with poly(methacrylic acid‐co‐ethyl methacrylate) shell

PCMStorage

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