UV‐laser marking of a TiO<sub>2</sub>‐containing ABS material

Clemente, María J.; Lavieja, Cristian; Peña, José; Oriol, Luis

doi:10.1002/pen.24749

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Clemente et al used a frequencytripled Nd:YAG laser emitting at 355 nm to produce aesthetical marks on white ABS. They found that the marks had a good level of scratch resistance similar to that of pad-painted marks and a good level of resistance to chemical agents and climate tests [48].…”

Section: Laser Marking Systemsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Review and Assessment of Existing and Future Techniques for Traceability with Particular Focus on Applicability to ABS Plastics

Jakubowicz,

Yarahmadi

2024

Polymers

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It is generally recognized that the use of physical and digital information-based solutions for tracking plastic materials along a value chain can favour the transition to a circular economy and help to overcome obstacles. In the near future, traceability and information exchange between all actors in the value chain of the plastics industry will be crucial to establishing more effective recycling systems. Recycling plastics is a complex process that is particularly complicated in the case of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) plastic because of its versatility and use in many applications. This literature study is part of a larger EU-funded project with the acronym ABSolEU (Paving the way for an ABS recycling revolution in the EU). One of its goals is to propose a suitable traceability system for ABS products through physical marking with a digital connection to a suitable data-management system to facilitate the circular use of ABS. The aim of this paper is therefore to review and assess the current and future techniques for traceability with a particular focus on their use for ABS plastics as a basis for this proposal. The scientific literature and initiatives are discussed within three technological areas, viz., labelling and traceability systems currently in use, digital data sharing systems and physical marking. The first section includes some examples of systems used commonly today. For data sharing, three digital technologies are discussed, viz., Digital Product Passports, blockchain solutions and certification systems, which identify a product through information that is attached to it and store, share and analyse data throughout the product’s life cycle. Finally, several different methods for physical marking are described and evaluated, including different labels on a product’s surface and the addition of a specific material to a polymer matrix that can be identified at any point in time with the use of a special light source or device. The conclusion from this study is that the most promising data management technology for the near future is blockchain technology, which could be shared by all ABS products. Regarding physical marking, producers must evaluate different options for individual products, using the most appropriate and economical technology for each specific product. It is also important to evaluate what information should be attached to a specific product to meet the needs of all actors in the value chain.

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Section: Laser Marking Systemsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Review and Assessment of Existing and Future Techniques for Traceability with Particular Focus on Applicability to ABS Plastics

Jakubowicz,

Yarahmadi

2024

Polymers

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“…Laser marking is characterized by noncontact processing. The laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm is a more commonly used laser in the industry and is suitable for materials such as metal, ceramics, wood, and plastic. − Compared with the easy carbonization and high char residue features of polycarbonate and polystyrene, it is rather difficult to perform laser marking with PP itself due to the poor absorption of the near-infrared laser energy of the 1064 nm wavelength. Usually, the method of adding laser marking additives can effectively improve the laser marking performance of PP.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation and Laser Marking Properties of Poly(propylene)/Molybdenum Sulfide Composite Materials

Cao

Gao

et al. 2021

ACS Omega

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In this study, using molybdenum sulfide (MoS 2 ) as laser-sensitive particles and poly(propylene) (PP) as the matrix resin, laser-markable PP/MoS 2 composite materials with different MoS 2 contents ranging from 0.005 to 0.2% were prepared by melt-blending. A comprehensive analysis of the laser marking performance of PP/MoS 2 composites was carried out by controlling the content of laser additives, laser current intensity, and the scanning speed of laser marking. The color difference test shows that the best laser marking performance of the composite can be obtained at the MoS 2 content of 0.02 wt %. The surface morphology of the PP/MoS 2 composite material was observed after laser marking using a metallographic microscope, an optical microscope, and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). During the laser marking process, the laser energy was absorbed and converted into heat energy to cause high-temperature melting, pyrolysis, and carbonization of PP on the surface of the PP/MoS 2 composite material. The black marking from carbonized materials was formed in contrast to the white matrix. Using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy, the composite materials before and after laser marking were tested and characterized. The PP/MoS 2 composite material was pyrolyzed to form amorphous carbonized materials. The effect of the laser-sensitive MoS 2 additive on the mechanical properties of composite materials was investigated. The results show that the PP/MoS 2 composite has the best laser marking property when the MoS 2 loading content is 0.02 wt %, the laser marking current intensity is 11 A, and the laser marking speed is 800 mm/s, leading to a clear and high-contrast marking pattern.

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“…A strongly developed tendency of applications for this type of electromagnetic radiation is laser marking. This method allows graphic signs to be obtained in the form of letters, numbers, symbols, barcodes, or drawings on the surfaces of various materials, including metals [25], wood [26], ceramics [27], and plastics [28]. Laser marking makes it possible to obtain graphic signs that are resistant to abrasion, water, and air humidity [29,30]; in addition, it has a positive effect on the environment, reducing the amount of material used in conventional decoration methods such as printing, padding, painting, and in-mold labeling (IML) [31].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of Laser Marking Ability and Properties of Polypropylene Using Silica Waste as a Filler

2021

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Polypropylene (PP) belongs to the group of polymers characterized by low susceptibility to absorption of electromagnetic radiation in the infrared range (λ = 1064 nm). This research consisted of assessing the possibility of using silica waste from the metallurgic industry as an additive for PP laser marking. The modifier was introduced into the polymer matrix in the range from 1 to 10 wt%. The effects of laser radiation were assessed based on colorimetric tests and microscopic surface analysis. The mechanical properties of the composites were determined during the static tensile tests. The thermal properties were investigated via differential scanning calorimetry. It was found that the introduction of silica waste into polypropylene allows for the effective marking of sample surfaces with the use of a laser beam. The greatest contrast between the graphic symbol and the background was obtained for silica contents of 3 and 5 wt%, with the use of a low-speed laser head and a strong concentration of the laser beam. The application of silica caused an increase in the modulus of elasticity and the tensile strength of the composite samples. Increases in the crystallization temperature and the degree of crystallinity of the polymer matrix were also observed. It was found that silica waste can act as multifunctional additive for polypropylene.

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UV‐laser marking of a TiO₂‐containing ABS material

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Review and Assessment of Existing and Future Techniques for Traceability with Particular Focus on Applicability to ABS Plastics

Review and Assessment of Existing and Future Techniques for Traceability with Particular Focus on Applicability to ABS Plastics

Preparation and Laser Marking Properties of Poly(propylene)/Molybdenum Sulfide Composite Materials

Modification of Laser Marking Ability and Properties of Polypropylene Using Silica Waste as a Filler

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UV‐laser marking of a TiO2‐containing ABS material

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Review and Assessment of Existing and Future Techniques for Traceability with Particular Focus on Applicability to ABS Plastics

Review and Assessment of Existing and Future Techniques for Traceability with Particular Focus on Applicability to ABS Plastics

Preparation and Laser Marking Properties of Poly(propylene)/Molybdenum Sulfide Composite Materials

Modification of Laser Marking Ability and Properties of Polypropylene Using Silica Waste as a Filler

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UV‐laser marking of a TiO₂‐containing ABS material