UV-LEDs Efficiently Inactivate DNA and RNA Coliphages

Zyara, Alyaa M.; Heinonen‐Tanski, Helvi; Veijalainen, Anna-Maria; Torvinen, Eila

doi:10.3390/w9010046

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…According to the findings, quantifying reovirus infection could provide a useful index of enteric virus inactivation during full-scale treatment of wastewater ( Qiu et al, 2018 ). Furthermore, a previous study by Zyara et al (2017) reported that the efficacy of UV–LED inactivation of DNA and RNA coliphages separated from wastewater exhibited that a wavelength of 270 nm for 2 min induced a decrease of 0.93–2.73-log 10 in the coliphage test in a 5.2 L reactor, while a decrease of 4.30–5.16-log 10 improved with a 10 min irradiation time. The conventional mercury (Hg-UV) lamp, on the contrary, led to a reduction of 0.67–4.08-log 10 in 2 min and a reduction of 4.56–7.21-log 10 in 10 min at a wavelength of 254 nm in 10 mL of water.…”

Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 89%

“…The conventional mercury (Hg-UV) lamp, on the contrary, led to a reduction of 0.67–4.08-log 10 in 2 min and a reduction of 4.56–7.21-log 10 in 10 min at a wavelength of 254 nm in 10 mL of water. Hence, UV–light-emitting diode (LED) is a successful approach to disinfection of UV and Cl − resistant viruses ( Zyara et al, 2017 ). As a result, the optimal wavelength for UVB and UVC inactivation of microorganisms is 250 nm and 270 nm, respectively ( EPA, 1999b ).…”

Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

Sangkham

2021

Journal of Environmental Management

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The entire globe is affected by the novel disease of coronavirus 2019 (COVID–19 or 2019–nCoV), which is formally recognised as Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV–2). The World Health Organisation (WHO) announced this disease as a global pandemic. The presence of SARS-CoV–2 RNA in unprocessed wastewater has become a cause of worry due to these emerging pathogens in the process of wastewater treatment, as reported in the present study. This analysis intends to interpret the destiny, environmental factors and route of transmission of SARS–CoV–2, along with its eradication by treating the wastewater for controlling and preventing its further spread. Different recovery estimations of the virus have been depicted by the detection of SARS-CoV–2 RNA in wastewater through the viral concentration techniques. Most frequently used viral concentration techniques include polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation, ultrafiltration, electronegative membrane, and ultracentrifugation, after which the detection and quantification of SARS-CoV–2 RNA are done in wastewater samples through quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT–qPCR). The wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) holds the key responsibility of eliminating pathogens prior to the discharge of wastewater into surface water bodies. The removal of SARS–CoV–2 RNA at the treatment stage is dependent on the operations of wastewater treatment systems during the outbreak of the virus; particularly, in the urban and extensively populated regions. Efficient primary, secondary and tertiary methods of wastewater treatment and disinfection can reduce or inactivate SARS–CoV–2 RNA before being drained out. Nonetheless, further studies regarding COVID-19-related disinfectants, environment conditions and viral concentrations in each treatment procedure, implications on the environment and regular monitoring of transmission need to be done urgently. Hence, monitoring the SARS–CoV–2 RNA in samples of wastewater under the procedure of wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) supplement the real-time data pertaining to the investigation of the COVID-19 pandemic in the community, regional and national levels.

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Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 89%

Section: Approaches To Processes For the Removal Of Sars-cov-2 In Wastewater Processing Plantsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

Sangkham

2021

Journal of Environmental Management

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“…Since their emergence in early 2000, deep-ultraviolet (DUV) aluminum gallium nitride (AlGaN)-based light emitting diodes (LEDs) have gained significant attention owing to their wide range of applications, e.g., UV curing [ 1 ], medical diagnostics, phototherapy [ 2 ], optical sensing [ 3 , 4 ], security, communications [ 5 ], sterilization, and water and air purification [ 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. However, despite the effort made to increase the external quantum efficiency (EQE) of UV LEDs, the reported values are still low, and barely reach a few percent in the UVC wavelength range, which is too low for commercial applications [ 8 , 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Top-Down/Bottom-Up Fabrication of a Highly Uniform and Organized Faceted AlN Nanorod Scaffold

et al. 2018

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As a route to the formation of regular arrays of AlN nanorods, in contrast to other III-V materials, the use of selective area growth via metal organic vapor phase epitaxy (MOVPE) has so far not been successful. Therefore, in this work we report the fabrication of a highly uniform and ordered AlN nanorod scaffold using an alternative hybrid top-down etching and bottom-up regrowth approach. The nanorods are created across a full 2-inch AlN template by combining Displacement Talbot Lithography and lift-off to create a Ni nanodot mask, followed by chlorine-based dry etching. Additional KOH-based wet etching is used to tune the morphology and the diameter of the nanorods. The resulting smooth and straight morphology of the nanorods after the two-step dry-wet etching process is used as a template to recover the AlN facets of the nanorods via MOVPE regrowth. The facet recovery is performed for various growth times to investigate the growth mechanism and the change in morphology of the AlN nanorods. Structural characterization highlights, first, an efficient dislocation filtering resulting from the ~130 nm diameter nanorods achieved after the two-step dry-wet etching process, and second, a dislocation bending induced by the AlN facet regrowth. A strong AlN near band edge emission is observed from the nanorods both before and after regrowth. The achievement of a highly uniform and organized faceted AlN nanorod scaffold having smooth and straight non-polar facets and improved structural and optical quality is a major stepping stone toward the fabrication of deep UV core-shell-based AlN or AlxGa1-xN templates.

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“…It is well-known that the III-nitride semiconductors are an important class of materials for devices emitting in the ultraviolet (UV) with applications, including UV curing, medical diagnostics, phototherapy, optical sensing, security, communications, sterilization, and water and air purification. − These applications are made possible thanks to the widely tunable bandgap energy of AlGaN alloys ranging from 3.4 eV for GaN to 6.2 eV for AlN. The emission wavelength of AlGaN-based light-emitting diodes (LEDs) can cover the entire UV-A, UV-B, and UV-C spectral range.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep UV Emission from Highly Ordered AlGaN/AlN Core–Shell Nanorods

Coulon

Kusch

Martin

et al. 2018

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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Three-dimensional core-shell nanostructures could resolve key problems existing in conventional planar deep UV light-emitting diode (LED) technology due to their high structural quality, high-quality nonpolar growth leading to a reduced quantum-confined Stark effect and their ability to improve light extraction. Currently, a major hurdle to their implementation in UV LEDs is the difficulty of growing such nanostructures from Al GaN materials with a bottom-up approach. In this paper, we report the successful fabrication of an AlN/Al GaN/AlN core-shell structure using an original hybrid top-down/bottom-up approach, thus representing a breakthrough in applying core-shell architecture to deep UV emission. Various AlN/Al GaN/AlN core-shell structures were grown on optimized AlN nanorod arrays. These were created using displacement Talbot lithography (DTL), a two-step dry-wet etching process, and optimized AlN metal organic vapor phase epitaxy regrowth conditions to achieve the facet recovery of straight and smooth AlN nonpolar facets, a necessary requirement for subsequent growth. Cathodoluminescence hyperspectral imaging of the emission characteristics revealed that 229 nm deep UV emission was achieved from the highly uniform array of core-shell AlN/Al GaN/AlN structures, which represents the shortest wavelength achieved so far with a core-shell architecture. This hybrid top-down/bottom-up approach represents a major advance for the fabrication of deep UV LEDs based on core-shell nanostructures.

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UV-LEDs Efficiently Inactivate DNA and RNA Coliphages

Cited by 10 publications

References 36 publications

A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

A review on detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in wastewater in light of the current knowledge of treatment process for removal of viral fragments

Hybrid Top-Down/Bottom-Up Fabrication of a Highly Uniform and Organized Faceted AlN Nanorod Scaffold

Deep UV Emission from Highly Ordered AlGaN/AlN Core–Shell Nanorods

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