UV-microscopic analysis of acetylated spruce and birch cell walls

Hansmann, Christian; Schwanninger, Manfred; Stefke, Barbara; Hinterstoisser, Barbara; Gindl, Wolfgang

doi:10.1515/hf.2004.073

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The filtrate was used to detect the sugar composition of the sample using HPLC (20AT, Shimadzu) equipped with a Aminex HPX-87P column at 85 ∘ C using water as the eluent at speed of 0.6 mL min −1 . The water-insoluble fraction was used to determine acid insoluble lignin [31].…”

Section: Composition Of the Spherical Biocarriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes Based Spherical Biocarriers: Preparation, Characterization, and Biocompatibility

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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Spherical biocarriers were prepared with lignin-carbohydrate complexes isolated from ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) xylem. The specific surface and average pore size of the biocarriers were 17.15 m 2 g −1 and 21.59 nm, respectively. The carriers were stable in solution at pH 4.0∼9.5. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrum indicated that the spherical carrier was composed of lignin and polysaccharides and had a typical lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) structure. The contents of galactose, lignin, and total sugar were 3.30%, 23.9%, and 64.62%, respectively, making the spherical biocarriers have good physical strength and compatible with hepatocytes. It was observed using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM) that liver cells adhered to the spherical biocarriers during culture. Cell counting indicated that the proliferation of liver cells in the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group. The albumin secretion (ALB) value and glucose consumption of the human hepatocytes were increased by 51.7% and 38.6%, respectively, by the fourth day when cultivated on the biocarriers. The results indicate that ginkgo LCC is very biocompatible and shows promise for the use as a biomaterial in the culture of human hepatocytes.

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Section: Composition Of the Spherical Biocarriersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes Based Spherical Biocarriers: Preparation, Characterization, and Biocompatibility

Zhao

Wang

et al. 2017

International Journal of Polymer Science

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“…Moreover, UV microscopy was used to analyze the acetylation of spruce and birch cell walls by Hansmann. 23 Only the early wood was acetylated, and a relation between WPG and spectral shifts was established to estimate acetylation at the cellular level. Adebawo et al 24 interrogated acetylation selectivity of hardwood biopolymers with P NMR and established the order of reactivity for hydroxyl groups of lignin, hemicellulose, and whole wood.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hyperspectral Near-Infrared Image Assessment of Surface-Acetylated Solid Wood

Awais

Altgen

Mäkelä

et al. 2020

ACS Appl. Bio Mater.

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Visualization of acetic anhydride flow and its heterogeneity within the wood block necessitates the development of a reliable and robust analytical method. Hyperspectral imaging has the potential to acquire a continuous spectrum of chemical analytes at different spectral channels in terms of pixels. The large set of chemical data (3-dimensional) can be expanded into relevant information in a multivariate fashion. We quantified gradients in acetylation degree over cross sections of Scots pine sapwood caused by a one-sided flow of acetic anhydride into wood blocks using nearinfrared hyperspectral imaging. A principal component analysis (PCA) model was used to decompose the high-dimensional data into orthogonal components. Moreover, a partial least-squares (PLS) hyperspectral image regression model was developed to quantify heterogeneity in acetylation degree that was affected by the flow of acetic anhydride through wood blocks and into the tracheid cell walls. The model was validated and optimized with an external test data set and a prediction map using the root-mean-squared error of an individual predicted pixel. The model performance parameters are well suited, and prediction of the acetylation degree at the image level was complemented with confocal Raman imaging of selected areas on the microlevel. NIR image regression showed that the acetylation degree was determined not only by the time-dependent flow of the acetic anhydride through the wood macropores but also by the diffusion of the anhydride into the wood cell walls. Thereby, thinwalled earlywood sections were acetylated faster than the thick-walled latewood sections. Our results demonstrate the suitability of near-infrared imaging as a tool for quality control and process optimization at the industrial scale.

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“…7 The difference in reactivity between heartwood and sapwood in large-dimension specimens was reported by Beckers et al, who found that sapwood exhibited a higher rate of reaction. 1 The reactivity of wood cell wall polymers is in the order of lignin, hemicellulose and cellulose, as reported by Rowell et al 8 UV microscopic analysis 9 and energy dispersive X-ray analysis 8 have been applied to investigate the distribution of acetyl groups in cell walls. Rowell et al reported that the anhydride adduct is located predominantly within the S2 cell wall at a low level of reaction, but after a longer reaction time the middle lamella exhibits higher concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Visualisation of Degree of Acetylation in Beechwood by near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging

Inagaki

Mitsui

Tsuchikawa

2015

Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy

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Spatial distributions of the degree of acetylation in cross-and radial-sectional faces of beechwood samples under vapour-phase reaction are observed using near infrared hyperspectral imaging. The near infrared second derivative amplitude at 1727 nm, which is assigned to the first overtone of the CH stretching vibration averaged over the cross section and radial section, has strong linear correlation with the substance concentration of acetyl groups (CA) held in the cell walls. Tangentially averaged CA is well explained by the modified rate equation. Both the rate constant and hindrance to the diffusion reagent reach constant values at a depth of about 4 mm from the edge of the wood, indicating that the acetylation reaction proceeds close to a depth of 4 mm.

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UV-microscopic analysis of acetylated spruce and birch cell walls

Cited by 9 publications

References 12 publications

Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes Based Spherical Biocarriers: Preparation, Characterization, and Biocompatibility

Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes Based Spherical Biocarriers: Preparation, Characterization, and Biocompatibility

Hyperspectral Near-Infrared Image Assessment of Surface-Acetylated Solid Wood

Visualisation of Degree of Acetylation in Beechwood by near Infrared Hyperspectral Imaging

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