UV sensitivity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates under investigation as potential biological control agents in South African citrus orchards

Acheampong, Mavis A.; Hill, M. P.; Moore, S.D.; Coombes, C.A.

doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2019.08.009

Cited by 36 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…Similarly, reduction in conidia germination after 5 min of exposure to UV-B was 94% to 52% and 96% to 54% for B. bassiana and M. anisopliae, respectively [34]. B. bassiana and M. anisopliae conidia were significantly affected when they were exposed to UV-B for 1-2 h [35]. It has been reported that dried entomopathogenic fungi such as M. anisopliae was the most tolerant to UV-B irradiation compared to B. bassiana when exposed to UV irradiation for 4 h [36].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Persistency of Indigenous and Exotic Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolates under Ultraviolet B (UV-B) Irradiation to Enhance Field Application Efficacy and Obtain Sustainable Control of the Red Palm Weevil

Sutanto

Husain

Rasool

et al. 2022

Insects

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The red palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae) has become a key invasive pest and major threat to the palm tree worldwide. Several entomopathogenic fungi are used in insect biological control programs. In the present study, persistency of different local and exotic fungal isolates of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae was evaluated under UV-B irradiation with different exposure intervals. Several factors, including ultraviolet (UV) light, significantly decrease germination rate of fungi, as UV penetrates and damages their DNA. Several studies have investigated that UV-resistant conidia germinate better under harsh environmental conditions. Seven local and exotic fungi isolates (“BbSA-1”, “BbSA-2”, “BbSA-3”, “MaSA-1”, “BbIDN-1”, “MaIDN-1”, and “MaIDN-2”) were tested in the current study under UV-B irradiation having different UV exposure times (i.e., 15, 30, 60, 120, 180, 240, and 300 min). The colony-forming unit (CFU) in each isolate was used to calculate the survival rate. Results indicated that survival rate of all the isolates decreased under UV-B irradiation for all exposure times compared to no exposure to UV-B irradiation. The CFU number decreased as the exposure time increased. Fungi isolates “MaSA-1”, “BbSA-1”, “BbSA-2”, “MaIDN-1”, and “MaIDN-2” could persist after 300 min exposure to UV-B, while the remaining isolates, such as “BbIDN-1”, and “BbSA-3”, could not persist after 300 min exposure to UV-B. The ultimate objective of the present research was to explore an ultraviolet-tolerant fungal isolate that might be useful in the field application for the sustainable management of the red palm weevil, which has become a key invasive pest in many regions rather than its native range. Most of the fungus isolates studied in the present work were collected from Saudi Arabia’s Al-Qatif region, where the red palm weevil has infested more than ten thousand trees, worth millions of riyals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Persistency of Indigenous and Exotic Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolates under Ultraviolet B (UV-B) Irradiation to Enhance Field Application Efficacy and Obtain Sustainable Control of the Red Palm Weevil

Sutanto

Husain

Rasool

et al. 2022

Insects

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“…The optimum temperature for Hyphomycetes is generally in the range of 20-30 C, whereas for Entomophthorales, it is considered 15-25 C. Wind is important for conidia dispersal of entomopathogens, but it can also reduce humidity by removing free water in some cases [36]. Sunlight and ultraviolet (UV) rays can reduce the conidial viability and impair the infection persistence of entomopathogenic fungi [36][37][38][39][40]. To maximize the efficacy of strain ZJPL08 wettable powder formulation in D. citri management, humic acid was added to help protect against UV irradiation, calcium chloride was added to promote conidia germination, and xanthan gum was added to enhance adhesion to D. citri.…”

Section: Preparation Of Wettable Powdermentioning

confidence: 99%

Virulence of Purpureocillium lilacinum strain ZJPL08 and efficacy of a wettable powder formulation against the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri)

et al. 2020

Biotechnology & Biotechnological Equipment

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The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is one of the most destructive pests of citrus and the primary vector of Candidatus Liberibacter spp., which cause citrus Huanglongbing (HLB). Microbial insecticides based on entomopathogenic fungi are safer alternatives to chemical pesticides. They can mitigate the spread of HLB by suppressing D. citri populations in citrus groves. Purpureocillium lilacinum strain ZJPL08, previously isolated from D. citri cadavers, is highly pathogenic to D. citri. We determined the virulence of strain ZJPL08 conidial suspensions and the efficacy of a wettable powder formulation. The LC 50 of strain ZJPL08 against D. citri at 7 d postinoculation was 2.11 Â 10 4 conidia/mL, and the LT 50 of a 1.0 Â 10 8 conidia/mL suspension was 3.14 d in the laboratory. Under the same conditions, the LC 50 of the wettable powder was 1.39 Â 10 4 conidia/mL, and the LT 50 was 2.64 d. The corrected mortality caused by the 1500times diluted solutions of strain ZJPL08 wettable powder in D. citri reached 86.67% at 7 d posttreatment and 100% at 14 d post-treatment under field conditions. Our study revealed that strain ZJPL08 infected D. citri by hyphae penetrating directly through the cuticle and into the body cavity and tissues. These findings show that P. lilacinum strain ZJPL08 has potential for the effective control of D. citri.

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“…Abiotic factors limit the development of Metarhizium spp. (Clavicipitaceae) and reduce effectiveness, with virulence against insect pests and the persistence of conidia in the field being directly affected by high temperature (Zimmermann 1982;Dimbi et al 2004;Barreto et al 2016), low relative humidity (Arthurs and Thomas 2001;Ment et al 2010;Athanassiou et al 2017), and ultraviolet radiation (Braga et al 2001;Fernandes et al 2015;Acheampong et al 2020). Studies to overcome these adverse effects have focused on formulating conidia.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stability ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) isolates during repeatedin vitrosubculture and evaluation of an oil-in-water mycoinsecticide

Sönmez,

Uzunoğlu,

Eski

et al. 2022

Can Entomol

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Nine Metarhizium anisopliae (Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) isolates were evaluated for efficacy against Melolontha melolontha (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) larvae, stability in culture, and the superior isolate used to produce an oil-in-water mycoinsecticide. The phenotypic and genotypic characters of four isolates with high virulence were evaluated for their stability after repeating 12 cycles of in vitro subculture. Repeated subculture did not affect the germination of conidia; however, the morphology of some isolates changed significantly. Three isolates lost their virulence, whereas the KTU-2 isolate remained highly pathogenic. Therefore, KTU-2 was selected as the superior isolate for mycoinsecticide production. After the conidia of KTU-2 were produced by solid-state fermentation using cracked rice as the substrate, the conidia were formulated as an oil-in-water emulsion and its efficacy was assessed. The formulation caused 80% mortality on Me. melolontha larvae even at the lowest application rate (1 × 105 conidia/mL) in pot experiments, and complete mortality was obtained with the concentration of 1 × 107 conidia/mL. Lethal concentrations that kill 50% and 95% of Me. melolontha larvae present were estimated as 9.29 × 103 and 2.1 × 106 conidia/mL, respectively. Oil-in-water mycoinsecticide could be a potential candidate for the commercial control of Me. melolontha and other white grubs.

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UV sensitivity of Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae isolates under investigation as potential biological control agents in South African citrus orchards

Cited by 36 publications

References 54 publications

Persistency of Indigenous and Exotic Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolates under Ultraviolet B (UV-B) Irradiation to Enhance Field Application Efficacy and Obtain Sustainable Control of the Red Palm Weevil

Persistency of Indigenous and Exotic Entomopathogenic Fungi Isolates under Ultraviolet B (UV-B) Irradiation to Enhance Field Application Efficacy and Obtain Sustainable Control of the Red Palm Weevil

Virulence of Purpureocillium lilacinum strain ZJPL08 and efficacy of a wettable powder formulation against the Asian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri)

Stability ofMetarhizium anisopliae(Hypocreales: Clavicipitaceae) isolates during repeatedin vitrosubculture and evaluation of an oil-in-water mycoinsecticide

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