“…A commonality between all carbon nanomaterials is the presence of sp 2 hybridized carbons that result in delocalized π electrons. These π electrons are essentially the origin of the phenomenal chemical, photochemical, and electrical properties of carbon nanomaterials (Fathi et al, 2019; Fathi, Roslend, et al, 2021; Misra et al, 2018; Nguyen et al, 2021; Ostadhossein, Vulugundam, et al, 2018; Srivastava et al, 2021; Srivastava, Khan, et al, 2020; Vulugundam et al, 2016). The mechanism behind the fluorescence of carbon nanomaterials was also studied by directly imaging individual carbon nanoparticles with sub‐particle resolution by scanning tunneling microscopy (Nguyen et al, 2020).…”