Nanotechnology research is emerging as cutting-edge technology,
and nanoparticles (NPs) and nanocomposites (NCs) have played a significant
role in the bioremediation and treatment of polluted water by organic
and nonorganic materials. Nanoparticles produced by plant extracts
are more stable and biocompatible in comparison with those produced
by physical and chemical methods. This research focuses on the synthesis
of NiO NPs and Cu–NiO NCs using Phytolacca dodecandra L’Herit (P.d) leaf extract and evaluation of their antioxidant
and photocatalytic activities. Cu–NiO NCs were synthesized
using 50 mL of 0.1 M nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate, 10 mL of 0.1
M copper(II) nitrate trihydrate, and 20 mL of leaf extract. The synthesized
nanoparticles were characterized by UV–vis, X-ray diffraction
(XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and scanning
electron microscopy (SEM) analyses to study the energy band gap, average
crystallite size, functional groups, and morphology of the samples,
respectively. The UV–vis analysis showed a red shift after
copper doping, indicating a decrease in the optical band gap values.
FT-IR characterization confirms the presence of various functional
groups in samples. Crystallite sizes of the formed particles were
obtained to be 14.18 and 16.10 nm from the XRD data for NiO NPs and
Cu–NiO NCs, respectively. SEM showed the crystallinity of particles
with a cubic structure. The photocatalytic degradation of methylene
blue (MB) was found to be 78.3 and 97.8% by NiO NPs and Cu–NiO
NCs, respectively. In the antioxidant test, NiO NPs and Cu–NiO
NCs prevented the oxidation of 50% of the H2O2 molecules at a concentration of 363.96 and 350.29 μg/mL, respectively.
Finally, the synthesized samples showed good photocatalytic and antioxidant
activities.