Uva Erythema in Skin: Is It a Sunburn?

Willis, Isaac; Cylus, Lewis

doi:10.1111/1523-1747.ep12492440

Cited by 74 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…3E). After a single UVA exposure (100 kJ͞m 2 ), sunburn cells were not seen (data not shown), consistent with reports that sunburn cells are absent or rare after UVA (25,26), although UVA can induce apoptosis in cultured cells (27). We conclude that apoptotic keratinocytes in skin are induced by direct DNA absorption of UVB radiation, independent of melanin.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Melanin acts as a potent UVB photosensitizer to cause an atypical mode of cell death in murine skin

Takeuchi

Zhang

Wakamatsu

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

156

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Melanin protects the skin against DNA damage induced by direct absorption of sunlight's UV radiation. Yet, irradiating melanin in vitro or in cultured cells also generates active oxygen species such as superoxide, which can indirectly induce oxidative base lesions and DNA strand breaks. This photosensitization is greater for pheomelanin (yellow and red melanin) than for eumelanin (brown and black). The in vivo photosensitizing ability of melanin is unknown. We used congenic mice of black, yellow, and albino coat colors to investigate the induction of DNA lesions and apoptosis after exposure to predominantly UVB (280 -320 nm) or UVA (320 -400 nm) radiation. Cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers induced by direct UVB absorption were equal in all three strains, as was apoptosis measured as sunburn cells or as keratinocytes containing active caspase-3. However, terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferasemediated dUTP nick end-labeling (TUNEL)-positive cells were Ϸ3-fold more frequent in black and yellow mice after UVB or UVA irradiation than in albino. In epidermal sheets, TUNEL-positive cells lined the upper portion of the hair follicle, consistent with UVinduced photosensitization by melanin in the hair shaft. Because the concentration of eumelanin in black mice was three times that of pheomelanin in yellow mice, pheomelanin had 3-fold greater specific activity. We conclude that UV-irradiated melanin, particularly pheomelanin, photosensitizes adjacent cells to caspase-3 independent apoptosis, and this occurs at a frequency greater than the apoptosis induced by direct DNA absorption of UV. Melanininduced apoptosis may contribute to the increased sensitivity of individuals with blonde and red hair to sunburn and skin cancer.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Melanin acts as a potent UVB photosensitizer to cause an atypical mode of cell death in murine skin

Takeuchi

Zhang

Wakamatsu

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

178

156

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“…The short wavelength UV-B radiation (280–315 nm) is predominately absorbed by keratinocytes in the epidermis. It may lead to sunburn (erythema), which is the first response of UV-treated skin [139]. Via direct interactions of this UV radiation with nucleic acids, it is regarded as one of the major causes of photocarcinogenesis.…”

Section: Oxidative Stress Disease and Carotenoidsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential Role of Carotenoids as Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease

2014

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Carotenoids constitute a ubiquitous group of isoprenoid pigments. They are very efficient physical quenchers of singlet oxygen and scavengers of other reactive oxygen species. Carotenoids can also act as chemical quenchers undergoing irreversible oxygenation. The molecular mechanisms underlying these reactions are still not fully understood, especially in the context of the anti- and pro-oxidant activity of carotenoids, which, although not synthesized by humans and animals, are also present in their blood and tissues, contributing to a number of biochemical processes. The antioxidant potential of carotenoids is of particular significance to human health, due to the fact that losing antioxidant-reactive oxygen species balance results in “oxidative stress”, a critical factor of the pathogenic processes of various chronic disorders. Data coming from epidemiological studies and clinical trials strongly support the observation that adequate carotenoid supplementation may significantly reduce the risk of several disorders mediated by reactive oxygen species. Here, we would like to highlight the beneficial (protective) effects of dietary carotenoid intake in exemplary widespread modern civilization diseases, i.e., cancer, cardiovascular or photosensitivity disorders, in the context of carotenoids’ unique antioxidative properties.

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“…Ovarian cancer Consumption of diet with increased amounts of lutein along with zeaxanthin decreases the probability of ovarian cancer by about 40% 325,326. Keratinocytes present in the epidermis absorbs Ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiations (280-315 nm) which leads to erythema (sunburn) 329. 327Role of carotenoids in photosensitivity skin disordersThe roles of carotenoids in the treatment of erythema have been studied 328.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green extraction methods and environmental applications of carotenoids-a review

Singh

Ahmad

2015

RSC Adv.

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This review covers and discusses various aspects of carotenoids including their chemistry, classification, biosynthesis, extraction methods (conventional and non-conventional), analytical techniques and biological roles in living beings. Carotenoids play a very crucial role in human health through foods, cosmetics, nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Among carotenoids, lycopene acts as best antioxidant.Various extraction methods have been employed for extraction of carotenoids: solvent extraction, soxhlet extraction, centrifugation and non-conventional methods of extraction such as ultrasoundassisted, microwave-assisted, enzymatic and the innovative technique supercritical carbondioxide (SC-CO 2 ) extraction. The green and environmentally friendly technique for extraction of carotenoids is SC-CO 2 extraction which extracts pure compound in high yield without the use of harmful organic solvents, it operates at lower temperature so it is useful for extraction of thermolabile compounds. This technique uses SC-CO 2 as green solvent and other solvents as modifiers which are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) solvents. Green technology is the need of present time in order to keep environment healthy, pollution free and sustainable for coming generation. Present review includes several analytical techniques used to identify and quantify carotenoids are: thin layer chromatography (TLC), high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS), UV-Vis (Ultraviolet-Visible) spectrophotometry; out of these, NMR and FTIR have been explored the least for carotenoid analysis.

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Uva Erythema in Skin: Is It a Sunburn?

Cited by 74 publications

References 6 publications

Melanin acts as a potent UVB photosensitizer to cause an atypical mode of cell death in murine skin

Melanin acts as a potent UVB photosensitizer to cause an atypical mode of cell death in murine skin

Potential Role of Carotenoids as Antioxidants in Human Health and Disease

Green extraction methods and environmental applications of carotenoids-a review

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