Uveal melanoma-associated cancers revisited

Abstract

BackgroundUveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary ocular malignancy of adults. A small group of patients was found to express familial predisposition. Moreover, it may be preceded or followed by other malignancies elsewhere in the body. We aim to compare the incidence of UM and other associated cancers and study the factors that may influence each condition.Patients and methodsWe have collected the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database of nine US cancer registries for UM patients between 1973 and 2015. We calculated the standardised incidence ratios for single primary UM, first primary and second primary UM, and compared the groups for multiple factors.ResultsA total of 4946 patients were included in the study; 3863 with single primary UM, 646 developed a second primary malignancy following UM, and 437 patients developed second primary UM following a previous primary malignancy. The risk of developing UM increased after leukaemia, melanoma of the skin and prostate. On the other side, the risk of developing melanoma of the skin, thyroid, renal and other eye and orbit malignancies has increased significantly after initial UM. This risk was more evident in the age group between 50 and 70 years old. Cancer-specific survival was significantly higher in UM associated with other malignancies group compared with single primary UM.ConclusionOur study showed a different behaviour of the UM when associated with other tumours that exceed the known spectrum of hereditary UM. Further studies are required to dissect the genetic background of this behaviour.

Risk of New Primary Cancer in Patients with Posterior Uveal Melanoma: A National Cohort Study

“…Our findings of an increased risk were consistent with a Swedish population study, based on the Swedish Cancer Registry, and two cohort studies, based on data from the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) cancer registry [ 12 , 13 , 22 ]. A previous Danish cohort study from 1995 identified an increased rate of new cancer among males only, but the study relied on registry data only and included all patients with an ocular cancer rather than only patients diagnosed with posterior UM [ 23 ].…”

“…We observed a systematic error in the Danish Cancer Registry, where metastatic uveal melanoma was misclassified as primary cutaneous melanoma with distant metastases. This issue has been previously described by other registry-based studies [ 13 , 22 ]. Thus, in order to avoid coding bias, we excluded all cutaneous melanoma cases which presented with a combined coding of new cutaneous melanoma and metastatic disease.…”

Additional primary malignancies in a Polish cohort of uveal melanoma patients: a review of 644 patients with long-term follow-up

“…There are various hypotheses dealing with occurrence of additional primary malignancies in UM patients. Because of common co-existence with cutaneous melanoma and breast cancer many reports direct attention to BAP-1 tumour predisposition syndrome ( BAP1 -TPDS) [ 6 , 7 , 10 , 13 ]. This inherited disorder is associated with an increased risk for numerous tumours, both malignant and benign, e.g.…”

Prognostic Factors and Nomograms for Overall and Cancer-Specific Survival of Patients with Uveal Melanoma without Metastases: A SEER Analysis of 4119 Cases

“…Previous studies have shown that patients with UM have a 9% increased risk of developing a second malignancy, such as cutaneous melanoma, leukemia, thyroid cancer, kidney tumors, and tumors of other parts of the eye or orbit, compared to healthy individuals. On the other hand, there was an 8% increased risk of developing UM after the first diagnosis of any of these other tumors [ 32 ].…”