Uveal Melanoma in Asians: A Review

Manchegowda, Pradeep T; Singh, Arun D.; Shields, Carol L.; Kaliki, Swathi; Shah, Parag K; Gopal, Lingam; Rishi, Pukhraj

doi:10.1159/000512738

Cited by 31 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Choroidal melanoma is the most common primary intraocular malignancy emanating from choroidal melanocytes. The incidence is approximately 5-6 new cases per million per year, depending on ethnicity and age, with a median age of 55 years [ 46 , 47 , 48 ]. Metastases most often affect the liver, followed by the lungs, bone, and skin.…”

Section: Choroidal Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma

Bindewald-Wittich

Holz

Ach

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Choroidal melanocytic lesions require reliable and precise clinical examination and diagnosis to differentiate benign choroidal nevi from choroidal melanoma, as the latter may become life-threatening through metastatic disease. To come to an accurate diagnosis, as well as for monitoring, and to assess the efficacy of therapy, various imaging modalities may be used, one of which is non-invasive fundus autofluorescence (FAF) imaging using novel high-resolution digital imaging technology. FAF imaging is based on the visualization of intrinsic fluorophores in the ocular fundus. Lipofuscin and melanolipofuscin within the postmitotic retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) cells represent the major fluorophores that contribute to the FAF signal. In addition, the presence or loss of absorbing molecular constituents may have an impact on the FAF signal. A choroidal melanoma can cause secondary retinal and RPE alterations that affect the FAF signal (e.g., occurrence of orange pigment). Therefore, FAF imaging supports multimodal imaging and gives additional information over and above conventional imaging modalities regarding retinal metabolism and RPE health status. This article summarises the features of FAF imaging and the role of FAF imaging in the context of choroidal melanoma, both before and following therapeutic intervention.

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Section: Choroidal Melanomamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma

Bindewald-Wittich

Holz

Ach

et al. 2022

Cancers

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“…Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary intraocular malignant tumor in adults [ 1 ]. There is a known racial predilection, with higher incidence in Caucasians (5–6 per million) than Asians (0.4–0.6 per million) and Africans (0.3 per million) [ 2 , 3 , 4 ]. Previous studies have demonstrated variable clinical characteristics and outcomes of UM among different ethnicities [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics, Treatments, and Survival of Uveal Melanoma: A Comparison between Chinese and American Cohorts

Luo

Zhang

Yang

et al. 2022

Cancers

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Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common intraocular malignant carcinoma. This study aimed to compare the clinical features, treatment modalities, and prognosis of UM patients in China with those in America over a 15-year period. In the study, 4088 American patients with primary UM from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database and 1508 Chinese patients from Tongren-ophthalmology Research Association of Clinical Evaluation (TRACE) were included. Univariable and multivariable analyses were performed to determine prognostic factors and propensity score matching (PSM) and sensitivity analyses were applied to adjust for confounders and identify independent prognostic factors. Chinese patients were diagnosed at a younger age (mean ± SD, 47.3 ± 12.5 years vs. 59.7 ± 14.8 years) and tumors at diagnosis were larger (diameter: 12.0 ± 3.54 mm vs. 11.3 ± 8.27 mm; thickness: 7.13 ± 3.28 mm vs. 4.91 ± 3.01 mm). Chinese patients were more likely to undergo brachytherapy than American patients. Chinese patients had better overall survival than American patients while no significant differences exhibited after adjusting for age through PSM. In conclusion, compared with American patients, Chinese patients had younger onset age, larger tumors at diagnosis and better prognosis, mainly because of their younger age.

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“…It has been shown that monosomy 3, as a poor prognostic factor, has a low incidence rate (8%) in enucleated eyes with choroidal melanoma in Iranian patients [ 40 ]. Interestingly it has been reported that the rate of metastasis is lower in the Asian population [ 41 ], especially in middle eastern countries such as Saudi Arabia (metastasis rate of 5%) [ 42 ] and Jordan (metastasis rate of 13%) [ 43 ], which might signify the role of ethnicity in survival from uveal melanoma. In addition, excluding large UM tumors that were candidates for primary enucleation probably affected the rate of metastasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ruthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma: analysis of tumor dimension and location on anatomical and functional results

et al. 2022

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Background To report the long-term outcomes of Ru-106 plaque radiotherapy in eyes with uveal melanoma (UM) and to assess the effect of tumor thickness and location on final outcomes. Methods Medical records of 234 patients undergoing Ru-106 plaque radiotherapy for UM were reviewed, and the visual outcome, globe preservation, and patient survival were evaluated. The results of 2 groups were compared: 1. between thin (small and medium-sized, thickness < 7 mm, 148 eyes [63.2%]) and thick (thickness ≥ 7 mm, 86 eyes [36.8%]) tumors, and 2. between large (largest basal diameter [LBD] > 12 mm, 109 eyes [46.6%]) and medium/small (LBD ≤ 12 mm, 125 eyes [53.4%]). In addition, a comparison of the juxtapapillary location in 46 eyes (19.7%) versus tumors arising elsewhere and between tumors with and without ciliary involvement in 48 eyes (21.5%) were done. Results The patients were followed for a median of 54.2 months (range: 6–194.5 months). After adjusting for baseline visual acuity (VA), there was no significant association between final VA and different dimension and tumor location groups. Final globe preservation was 91.9%, and there was no significant difference between different dimension- and ciliary body involvement groups regarding anatomical success rate. The juxtapapillary tumors had lower globe preservation (80.4% vs .94.7%, p = 0.002). The hazard ratio (HR) for enucleation in juxtapapillary tumors was HR = 6.58 (95-CI: 3.84 to 11.21). The overall metastasis rate was 6.8%, with no significant difference in juxtapapillary tumors (4.3% vs.7.4%, p = 0.455). Conclusions Ru-106 plaque radiotherapy is an effective treatment for thick and large UM. With this type of treatment, the globe preservation rate is lower in juxtapapillary tumors, but there is no significant difference in the metastasis rate.

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Uveal Melanoma in Asians: A Review

Cited by 31 publications

References 42 publications

Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma

Fundus Autofluorescence Imaging in Patients with Choroidal Melanoma

Characteristics, Treatments, and Survival of Uveal Melanoma: A Comparison between Chinese and American Cohorts

Ruthenium-106 plaque radiotherapy for uveal melanoma: analysis of tumor dimension and location on anatomical and functional results

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