Uvéite antérieure bilatérale récidivante à Leishmania infantum chez un patient présentant un déficit immunitaire lié à une infection à VIH : à propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature

Perrin-Terrin, Anne-Sophie; Auriol, S; Mahieu, L.; Debard, Anne-Lise; Eden, A.; Cassagne, Myriam; Pagot-Mathis, V.; Malecaze, François; Soler, V.

doi:10.1016/j.jfo.2014.02.006

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…[36–40] The main causes of visual loss included cataracts, corneal edema, pressure mediated damage to the optic nerve, exudative retinal detachments and, catastrophically, phthisis bulbi . [ 38 40 41 ] Though clinically indistinguishable, uveitis in the context of active Leishmanial infection is to be differentiated etiologically from uveitis occurring soon after treatment with systemic antileishmanials, [36,42–45] or Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). [ 40 46 47 ] In all cases of post-treatment or HAART associated uveitis, ocular symptoms developed between a few days and a few months following the initiation of treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 36 43 ] The uveitis itself is typically a bilateral anterior uveitis of the granulomatous type, usually associated with ciliary flush, conjunctival hyperemia, anterior-chamber cells, flare and mutton fat keratic precipitates. The intraocular pressure (IOP) is most often raised, with possible optic disc edema, and seclusio pupillae [ 38 ] have also been reported. Importantly, iris nodules containing leishmania parasites may be visible.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[ 24 54 55 ] When attempting to obtain microbiological confirmation of Leishmanial uveitis, it is essential to bear in mind that negative splenic and bone marrow aspirate often co-exist with positive ocular samples. [ 38 48 ] It is therefore crucial to obtain samples from the eye itself. Successful methods include corneal scrapings,[ 49 ] aqueous/vitreous aspirate PCR[ 38 48 51 ] and Giemsa staining of iris nodule biopsies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular Leishmaniasis - A systematic review

Mignot

Bhattacharya

Reddy

2021

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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The incidence of leishmaniasis is reported to be up to 1 million per year. To date, there has been no comprehensive review describing the diversity of clinical presentations of ocular leishmaniasis (OL) and its treatment. This systematic review aims to address this knowledge gap and provide a summary of the clinical presentation, natural course, and treatment options for OL. Our study identified a total of 57 published articles as describing cases of OL involving: adnexa ( n = 26), orbit ( n = 1), retina ( n = 7), uvea ( n = 18) and cornea ( n = 6). Though well described and easily treated, palpebral leishmaniasis is often misdiagnosed and may lead to chronic issues if untreated. The retinal manifestations of Leishmaniasis consist of self-resolving hemorrhages secondary to thrombocytopenia. Two main uveitis etiologies have been identified: uveitis in the context of active Leishmanial infection (associated with immunosuppression) and uveitis occurring as an immune reconstitution syndrome. Corneal involvement in most geographic areas generally follows an aggressive course, most often ending in corneal perforation if left untreated. In the Americas, a chronic indolent interstitial keratitis may also occur. Topical steroids are of little use in keratitis (systemic antileishmanials being the cornerstone of treatment). However, these are essential in cases of uveitis, with or without concomitant systemic antileishmanial therapy. In conclusion, though ocular involvement in Leishmaniasis is rare, severe sight-threatening consequences follow if left untreated. Early diagnosis, enthusiastic follow-up and aggressive treatment are essential for good outcomes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ocular Leishmaniasis - A systematic review

Mignot

Bhattacharya

Reddy

2021

Indian Journal of Ophthalmology

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“…In humans, ocular lesions are usually associated with systemic signs [241][242][243]. Ocular pathologies are documented in patients suffering from cutaneous [244][245][246][247][248][249], diffuse cutaneous [244,250] or post-kala-azar leishmaniasis [241], and in VL [251,252]. In dogs, keratoconjunctivitis and kerato-uveitis are described as the most usual symptoms, occurring in 16-80% of affected dogs [253,254]; keratoconjunctivitis is also observed in feline leishmaniasis [255].…”

Section: Conjunctival Swab/lacrimal Fluid/occularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sereno

Akhoundi

Sayehmri

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Unicellular eukaryotes of the Trypanosomatidae family include human and animal pathogens that belong to the Trypanosoma and Leishmania genera. Diagnosis of the diseases they cause requires the sampling of body fluids (e.g., blood, lymph, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid) or organ biopsies (e.g., bone marrow, spleen), which are mostly obtained through invasive methods. Body fluids or appendages can be alternatives to these invasive biopsies but appropriateness remains poorly studied. To further address this question, we perform a systematic review on clues evidencing the presence of parasites, genetic material, antibodies, and antigens in body secretions, appendages, or the organs or proximal tissues that produce these materials. Paper selection was based on searches in PubMed, Web of Science, WorldWideScience, SciELO, Embase, and Google. The information of each selected article (n = 333) was classified into different sections and data were extracted from 77 papers. The presence of Trypanosomatidae parasites has been tracked in most of organs or proximal tissues that produce body secretions or appendages, in naturally or experimentally infected hosts. The meta-analysis highlights the paucity of studies on human African trypanosomiasis and an absence on animal trypanosomiasis. Among the collected data high heterogeneity in terms of the I 2 statistic (100%) is recorded. A high positivity is recorded for antibody and genetic material detection in urine of patients and dogs suffering leishmaniasis, and of antigens for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Data on conjunctival swabs can be analyzed with molecular methods solely for dogs suffering canine visceral leishmaniasis. Saliva and hair/bristles showed a pretty good positivity that support their potential to be used for leishmaniasis diagnosis. In conclusion, our study pinpoints significant gaps that need to be filled in order to properly address the interest of body secretion and hair or bristles for the diagnosis of infections caused by Leishmania and by other Trypanosomatidae parasites.

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“…In humans, ocular lesions are usually associated with systemic signs [233][234][235]. Ocular pathologies are documented in patients suffering from cutaneous [236][237][238][239][240][241], diffuse cutaneous [242] or post-kalaazar leishmaniasis [233] and in VL [243,244]. In dogs, keratoconjunctivitis and kerato-uveitis are described as the most usual symptoms, occurring in 16-80% of affected dogs [245,246]; however, keratoconjunctivitis is also observed in feline leishmaniasis [247].…”

Section: Conjunctival Swab/lacrimal Fluid/occularmentioning

confidence: 99%

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Sereno¹,

Akhoundi²,

Sayehmri³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Unicellular eukaryotes of the Trypanosomatidae family include human and animal pathogens that belong to the Trypanosoma and Leishmania genera. Diagnosis of the diseases they caused requires the sampling of body fluids (blood, lymph, peritoneal fluid, cerebrospinal fluid, etc.) or organ biopsies (bone marrow, spleen, etc.), which are mostly obtained through invasive methods. Body fluids or appendages can be alternatives to these invasive biopsies but appropriateness remains poorly studied. To further address this question, we perform a systematic review on clues evidencing the presence of parasites, genetic material, antibodies, and antigens in body secretions, appendages, or the organs or proximal tissues that produce these materials. Paper selection was based on searches in PubMed, Web of Science, WorldWideScience, SciELO, Embase, Google. The information of each selected article (n=333) was classified into different sections and data were extracted from 77 papers. The presence of Trypanosomatidae parasites has been tracked in most of organs or proximal tissues that produce body secretions or appendages, in naturally or experimentally infected hosts. The meta-analysis highlights the paucity of studies on Human African Trypanosomiasis and a the absence on animal Trypanosomiasis. Among the collected data high heterogeneity in terms of the I2 statistic (100%) is recorded. A high positivity is recorded for antibody and genetic material detection in urine of patients and dogs suffering leishmaniasis, and of antigen for leishmaniasis and Chagas disease. Data on conjunctival swab can be analyzed with molecular methods solely for dogs suffering canine visceral leishmaniasis. Saliva and hair/bristle showed a pretty good positivity that support their potential to be used for leishmaniasis diagnosis. In conclusion, our study pinpoints significant gaps that need to be filled in order to properly address the interest of body secretion and hair or bristle for the diagnosis of infections caused by Leishmania and by other Trypanosomatidae parasites.

show abstract

Uvéite antérieure bilatérale récidivante à Leishmania infantum chez un patient présentant un déficit immunitaire lié à une infection à VIH : à propos d’un cas et revue de la littérature

Cited by 6 publications

References 16 publications

Ocular Leishmaniasis - A systematic review

Ocular Leishmaniasis - A systematic review

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Noninvasive Biological Samples to Detect and Diagnose Infections due to Trypanosomatidae Parasites: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

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