V Pneumatization of the Temporal Bone

Allam, Abdel F.

doi:10.1177/000348946907800105

Cited by 112 publications

(76 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The squamous, petromastoid and tympanic parts are the most frequently pneumatized parts [5,1,32], but pneumatization may be extend to the articular eminence [32,7] of the zygomatic process. The environmental theory of Wittmaack suggests that middle ear mucosa is a pre-requisite for normal pneumatization while Diamant suggests that pneumatization is genetically dependent.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and volumetric analysis of temporal bone pneumatization using cone beam computed tomography

Fellows

Hand

Tadinada

et al. 2014

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification and volumetric analysis of temporal bone pneumatization using cone beam computed tomography

Fellows

Hand

Tadinada

et al. 2014

Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology

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“…The mastoid air cell system, according to A. Allam [3], with a further extension by M. Tos work [85], can be categorized into various sub-regions:…”

Section: The Adult Mastoidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This last definition is the one used throughout this overall study. As already introduced in Chapter 3, A. Allam followed by M. Tos classified the air cells within the mastoid bone either based on their location or on anatomical structures in the vicinity, [3,85]. However, a mastoid air cell could also be classified based on its location in relation to the midline of the MACS: a terminal air cell or an intermediate air cell.…”

Section: What Is a Mastoid Air Cell In Terms Of Shape?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural properties of the mastoid using image analysis and visualization

Cros¹

2017

Linköping Studies in Science and Technology. Dissertations

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Volume rendering of a 3D shape analysis where medial balls are fitting the mastoid air cell system of a human temporal bone specimen, overlaid over a manually cropped version of the original data. The different colours represent the different size classes: from very small in dark blue to vary large in purple. The bone is rendered with a modified transfer function so as to reveal the micro-channels.Copyright © 2017 Olivier Cros, unless otherwise noted. AbstractThe mastoid, located in the temporal bone, houses an air cell system whose cells have a variation in size that can go far below current conventional clinical CT scanner resolution. Therefore, the mastoid air cell system is only partially represented in a clinical CT scan. Where the conventional clinical CT scanner lacks level of minute details, micro-CT scanning provides an overwhelming amount of fine details. The temporal bone being one of the most complex in the human body, visualization of micro-CT scanning of this bone awakens the curiosity of the experimenter, especially with the correct visualization settings.This thesis first presents a statistical analysis determining the surface area to volume ratio of the mastoid air cell system of human temporal bone, from micro-CT scanning using methods previously applied for conventional clinical CT scans. The study compared current results with previous studies, with successive downsampling the data down to a resolution found in conventional clinical CT scans. The results from the statistical analysis showed that all the small mastoid air cells, that cannot be detected in conventional clinical CT scans, do heavily contribute to the estimation of the surface area, and in consequence to the estimation of the surface area to volume ratio by a factor of about 2.6. Such a result further strengthens the idea of the mastoid to play an active role in pressure regulation and gas exchange.Discovery of micro-channels through specific use of a non-traditional transfer function was then reported, where a qualitative and a quantitative preanalysis were performed and reported. To gain more knowledge about these micro-channels, a local structure tensor analysis was applied where structures are described in terms of planar, tubular, or isotropic structures. The results from this structural tensor analysis suggest these micro-channels to potentially be part of a more complex framework, which hypothetically would provide a separate blood supply for the mucosa lining the mastoid air cell system.The knowledge gained from analysing the micro-channels as locally providing blood to the mucosa, led to the consideration of how inflammation of the mucosa could impact the pneumatization of the mastoid air cell system. Though very primitive, a 3D shape analysis of the mastoid air cell system was carried out. The mastoid air cell system was first represented in a compact form through a medial axis, from which medial balls could be used. The medial balls, representative of how large the mastoid air cells can be locally, were used in two co...

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“…In human temporal bones, the extent of pneumatization is usually limited to the mastoid process ( Fig. 1), the perilabyrinthine region and the petrous apex (Bast and Forester, 1939;Allam, 1969;Sherwood, 1995). In rare cases, epithelium (mucosa) may infiltrate the zygomatic process (Tyndall and Matteson, 1987;Carter et al, 1999), articular eminence (Stoopler et al, 2003;Orhan et al, 2005;Orhan et al, 2006), squamous and occipital regions (Allam, 1969) or the area around the temporomandibular joint (Richards et al, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1), the perilabyrinthine region and the petrous apex (Bast and Forester, 1939;Allam, 1969;Sherwood, 1995). In rare cases, epithelium (mucosa) may infiltrate the zygomatic process (Tyndall and Matteson, 1987;Carter et al, 1999), articular eminence (Stoopler et al, 2003;Orhan et al, 2005;Orhan et al, 2006), squamous and occipital regions (Allam, 1969) or the area around the temporomandibular joint (Richards et al, 2004). On the other hand, chimpanzees and gorillas show extensive pneumatization in which air cells are consistently present in the zygomatic process and squamous portions of the temporal bone (Sherwood, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ontogenetic Change in Temporal Bone Pneumatization in Humans

Hill

2011

The Anatomical Record

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Pneumatization of the temporal bone is often included in descriptions of fossils and as a phylogenetic marker, but a number of questions about the evolution, growth, and development of the trait remain. Many studies have analyzed temporal bone pneumatization from a clinical perspective, but a systematic quantification of normal development of pneumatized spaces has not been conducted. In this study, ontogenetic change in the size and organization of temporal bone pneumatization is analyzed in a cross-sectional sample of humans. High resolution computed tomography scans of the temporal bone were acquired from a cross-sectional sample of humans (N ¼ 28). Bone volume fractions, anisotropy, trabecular number, trabecular thickness, surface area, and volume were analyzed to provide information about the organization and size of pneumatized spaces across ontogeny. The results indicate that there are general and region-specific patterns of ontogenetic changes in the organization of pneumatized spaces. These changes reflect the transition from nonpneumatized bone to pneumatized bone. It also demonstrates that those regions that are pneumatized early in ontogeny (such as the mastoid antrum) continue to remodel after the initial period of pneumatization. The dynamic nature of temporal bone pneumatization over ontogeny suggests that this character requires careful consideration when used as a character for phylogenetic analyses. These results demonstrate the importance of comparing individuals from similar developmental stages, especially when completing quantitative analyses of the extent of pneumatization or organization of the spaces. Anat Rec, 294:1103Rec, 294: -1115Rec, 294: , 2011. V V C 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

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V Pneumatization of the Temporal Bone

Cited by 112 publications

References 11 publications

Classification and volumetric analysis of temporal bone pneumatization using cone beam computed tomography

Classification and volumetric analysis of temporal bone pneumatization using cone beam computed tomography

Structural properties of the mastoid using image analysis and visualization

Ontogenetic Change in Temporal Bone Pneumatization in Humans

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