V238AC: nueva variedad de maíz de grano amarillo QPM

Abstract


 
 
 Pocos productores de maíz pueden adquirir semilla certificada de híbridos, por lo que la otra opción para agricultores de escasos recursos es adquirir semilla certificada de variedades de polinización libre. En Chiapas se liberó la variedad V-534 en 1990 y fue muy apreciada por los productores llegándose a sembrar hasta 50 000 ha en su primer año con semilla certificada. En el año 2000 se inició un esquema de selección combinada de familias de hermanos completos en la V-534 con objeto de renovarla, incrementar su potencial de rendimiento, pero sin cambiar sus características fenotípicas de planta y mazorca. Después de tres ciclos de selección se evaluaron las variedades experimentales formadas y se detectó una de ellas como sobresaliente, a la cual se le denominó V561. Esta nueva variedad puede producir hasta 1.4 t más que la V-534, con un rendimiento potencial de 7.7 t ha-1, bajo condiciones de buen temporal. Sus características de grano son excelentes para la elaboración de tortillas de color blanco y buena calidad.
 
 

Grain Yield Stability and Biochemical Nutrient Content in White Corn Experimental Crosses

“…Cross 1217 showed acceptable yield and stability, as well as high starch (≥ 85 g 100 g -1 of dm) and oil (6.3 g 100 g -1 of dm) content, which are attributes that can improve the rheological characteristics of tortillas made with this grain, according to Vázquez-Carillo et al (2014). Although cross 1812 was found to have acceptable yield, stability and starch content, and ranked among the crosses named as outstanding for protein concentration (9.0 g 100 g -1 of ms), its protein content was considered to be in the normal range of variation, in agreement with the values reported by Vázquez-Carrillo et al (2014) and Vázquez-Carrillo et al (2018). In general, it was observed that the higher the protein content, the lower the starch concentration.…”

“…The starch concentration found in the crosses ranged from 72.6 to 96.6 g 100 g -1 of dm (Table 3); these values were higher than the ranges defined for previously studied maize (Arendt and Zannini, 2013), with different origin and level of improvement (Vázquez-Carrillo et al, 2018;Vázquez-Carrillo et al, 2014;Agama-Acevedo et al, 2011). Crosses 1214Crosses , 1417Crosses , 1418Crosses , 1713Crosses , 1714Crosses , and 1813 had more than 92 g 100 g -1 of dm and were rated as outstanding in this trait.…”

“…The range of the biochemical nutrient content of the crosses (Table 3) showed a higher variation than that reported in maize grains by Arendt and Zannini (2013). It was also greater than the variation found in improved varieties (Méndez-Montealvo et al, 2005), hybrids from the High Valleys of Mexico (Vázquez-Carrillo et al, 2018), and in populations with high oil content (Vázquez-Carrillo et al, 2014).…”

“…With respect to stability, grain yield and nutrient content, crosses 1213, 1217, 1218, 1314, 1418, and 1812 were outstanding, with significant starch content. This is deduced by taking as a reference the values of Vázquez-Carrillo et al (2014) and Vázquez-Carrillo et al (2018), from which the grain can be destined to the production of quality tortillas. Because of the oil content, they could also be improved in softness, firmness and chewiness (Vázquez-Carrillo et al, 2014); however, studies of the nixtamalization and industrialization processes are required.…”

“…Recently, Serna-Saldivar and Perez (2019) have reported that native maize populations represent a valuable genetic resource to increase the grain quality and nutritional content. The incorporation of native maize in the genetic improvement programs of national public research institutions has also been evidenced, generating genotypes with outstanding nutritional characteristics such as starch, oil and protein content (Vázquez-Carrillo et al, 2014;Vázquez-Carrillo et al, 2018). Based on the above, it is considered of utmost necessity to characterize the biochemical nutritional content of the genetic material of the current breeding programs in order to know its variation, potential for utilization and to define breeding strategies.…”