“…Above and beyond these traditional forms of Soninke migration, there are other forms that incorporate different types of return visits associated with different kinds of socialisation and identity trajectories. In the migration literature, several motives for returning to the homeland are given: holidays (Bidet, 2013;Fosse-Gomez and Touzani, 2012), ethnic or diaspora tourism (Coles and Timothy, 2004) and the idea of pilgrimage or 'heritage travel' (Nguyen-Conan, 2011). Drawing on our data, we characterise three major types of return visits that are not without similarity to Sayad's (1999) three 'ages' of Algerian migration.…”