Vacancy Engineering in Transition Metal Sulfide and Oxide Catalysts for Hydrodeoxygenation of Lignin‐Derived Oxygenates

Abstract

The catalytic hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of lignin has long been a hot research topic and vacancy engineering is a new means to develop more efficient catalysts for this process. Oxygen vacancies and sulfur vacancies are both widely used in HDO. Based on the current research status of vacancies in the field of lignin‐derived oxygenates, this Minireview discusses in detail design methods for vacancy engineering, including surface activation, synergistic modification, and morphology control. Moreover, it is clarified that in the HDO reaction, vacancies can act as acidic sites, promote substrate adsorption, and regulate product distribution, whereas for the catalysts, vacancies can enhance stability and reducibility, improve metal dispersion, and improve redox capacity. Finally, the characterization of vacancies is summarized and strategies are proposed to address the current deficiencies in this field.

Cellulose‐Derived Carbon Dot‐Guided Growth of ZnIn2S4 Nanosheets for Photocatalytic Oxidation of 5‐Hydroxymethylfurfural into 2,5‐Diformylfuran

“…As a naturally abundant renewable source, biomass possesses the greatest potential to partially substitute fossil resources for sustainable generation of fine chemicals. [13] 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF), derived from the dehydration of C 6 carbohydrates, is a key and versatile bio-based platform chemical to produce different high value-added chemicals like 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF). [14] DFF is an important monomer of furan-based biopolymers and broadly served as the intermediates of pharmaceuticals and antifungal agents.…”

Construction of a highly active and water-resistant Ni-based catalyst for the HDO reaction of phenol

“…8,9 The development of highly active catalysts for HDO technology is an important factor but still remains a great challenge. Many kinds of catalysts, such as noble metal catalysts, [10][11][12] metal sulde catalysts, 13,14 metal carbide catalysts 15,16 and transition metal catalysts [17][18][19] are widely used. However, noble metal catalysts are not appropriate for industrial utilization because of their high price, difficult availability, poor reusability and easy deactivation caused by carbon deposition.…”

Integrated design of an amination process of lignin oxygenated model compounds to synthesize cyclohexylamine: catalyst nanostructure engineering and catalytic conditional strategy

“…The unique lignin structure is formed by various C-O and C-C bonds connected, such as α-O-4, β-O-4, and 4-O-5 bonds. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12] It is extremely challenging to realize lignin valorization. Extensive research studies have been performed on the selective cleavage of the high-strength and high-stability C-O bonds or C-C bonds of lignin via reductive depolymerization, oxidative depolymerization, pyrolysis, and other methods.…”