Vaccination against cestode parasites: anti-helminth vaccines that work and why

Does interspecific competition have a moderating effect on Taenia solium transmission dynamics in Southeast Asia?

“…However, cross-reactivity exists between immunogenic antigens of heterologous Taeniaspecies (cited by Ref. [32]) [38] and suggests that reciprocal immunity and immune-mediated competition does exist between T. solium, T. hydatigena and T. asiatica.…”

“…Acquired immunity to T. solium in pigs can be elicited by ingestion of eggs [28][29][30][31] or artificially induced by vaccination (reviewed by Ref. [32]). Similar to T. hydatigena and T. ovis [33], acquired immunity to T. solium and other taeniid cestodes occurs in at least two distinct phases -preencystment and post-encystment [12].…”

Mechanisms of Immunity in Hydatid Disease: Implications for Vaccine Development

“…Considerable attention has been paid over a long period aimed at characterizing protective immune mechanisms in the intermediate hosts of E. granulosus, E. multilocularis, and other related taeniid cestodes (76). In the 1930s, some general concepts of protective immunity were formulated following pioneering experiments undertaken in rodents with Taenia taeniaeformis and rabbits with Taenia pisiformis that have been confirmed subsequently to apply generally to natural infection with taeniid parasites, including E. granulosus.…”

Nematode control in ‘green’ ruminant production systems

“…Attention became focused on the molecular approach of identifying protective antigens against helminth parasites. Although there has been success with such recombinant vaccines against cestodes [20], major barriers still exist for nematodes. These hurdles are complex and interacting, and include the difficulty of producing antigenic fractions of parasite material in commercial quantities and the complexity of the host immune response to parasites, which seems to involve a combination of local hypersensitivity, cellmediated, antibody and inflammatory responses [21].…”