Vaccination Against Yellow Fever With Immune Serum and Virus Fixed for Mice

Sawyer, Wilbur A.; Kitchen, S. F.; Lloyd, Wray

doi:10.1084/jem.55.6.945

Cited by 41 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…At attenuated passage levels, the vaccine strain is referred to as the “neurotropic” strain, and later the “French neurotropic virus” (FNV). FNV served as the platform by which to investigate YFV vaccine delivery methods, including the co-administration with the virus of human immune serum [16]. The attendant impracticality of serovaccination, in conjunction with both the limited supply of serum and risk of pathogen contamination precluded widespread adoption of this technique.…”

Section: Development Of the French Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status and future prospects of yellow fever vaccines

Beck

Barrett²

2015

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Summary Yellow fever 17D vaccine is one of the oldest live-attenuated vaccines in current use that is recognized for historically immunogenic and safe properties. These unique properties of 17D are presently exploited in rationally designed recombinant vaccines targeting not only flaviviral antigens but also other pathogens of public health concern. Several candidate vaccines based on 17D have advanced to human trials, and a chimeric recombinant Japanese encephalitis vaccine utilizing the 17D backbone has been licensed. The mechanism(s) of attenuation for 17D are poorly understood; however, recent insights from large in silico studies have indicated particular host genetic determinants contributing to the immune response to the vaccine, which presumably influences the considerable durability of protection, now in many cases considered to be life-long. The very rare occurrence of severe adverse events for 17D is discussed, including a recent fatal case of vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease.

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Section: Development Of the French Strainmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current status and future prospects of yellow fever vaccines

Beck

Barrett²

2015

Expert Review of Vaccines

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“…The causative agent was isolated in 1927. Within 4.5 years after isolation of the virus, 32 workers developed laboratory infections with YF virus and five died [8]. In this setting of danger to public health and to researchers, it is understandable that once preventative vaccines were developed they would be propelled rapidly into service.…”

Section: Historical Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

Review of the risks and benefits of yellow fever vaccination including some new analyses

Monath

2012

Expert Review of Vaccines

126

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The live, attenuated yellow fever (YF) 17D vaccine provides highly effective and durable immunity and is widely used for travelers to and residents of endemic areas of South America and Africa. Neurotropic and viscerotropic serious adverse events associated with these vaccines occur rarely, but YF 17D vaccine-associated viscerotropic disease (YEL-AVD) is notable for its lethality. There appear to be two distinct patterns of risk for YEL-AVD: the first in younger persons, particularly women, with defects in innate immunity, in whom the case-fatality rate is higher; and the second in elderly persons, particularly men with age-related immune senescence and a lower case-fatality rate. From 1990 to the present, the number of cases (n = 31) and deaths (n = 12) from YEL-AVD in travelers has exceeded the reports of YF (n = 6) acquired by natural infection, raising the question whether the risk of vaccination exceeds the benefit in travelers. To provide some guidance on this point, the rate of vaccine-related injury is compared with the rate of naturally acquired disease in a new analysis that estimates the immunologically susceptible denominator population in YF endemic and epidemic areas. For many years, the risk of vaccine-related illness and death was similar to the risk of illness and death from natural infection with YF in South America. Africa posed a substantially higher estimated risk of wild-type YF than vaccine-related injury. Multiple factors should be considered in making decisions about YF vaccination, including specific destination, season of the year, local evidence for YF transmission, likelihood of exposure to vector mosquitoes and individual risk factors for YEL-AVD, with the goal of increasing vaccine coverage for travel to high-risk areas and reducing unnecessary vaccination. Prospects for future, safer vaccines are also described.

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“…15,16 With knowledge of these facts, one of the authors (M.C.) hypothesized that the coadministration of the YF vaccine and pretravel human Ig for hepatitis A prophylaxis-which was often done in travel clinics before 1996-would reduce postvaccination viremia and thus, potentially reduce adverse events.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial of the 17D Yellow Fever Virus Vaccine Given in Combination with Immune Globulin or Placebo: Comparative Viremia and Immunogenicity

Edupuganti

Eidex²,

Keyserling

et al. 2013

The American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene

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Abstract. We evaluated whether coadministration of the yellow fever (YF) virus vaccine with human immunoglobulin (Ig) that contained YF virus-neutralizing antibodies would reduce post-vaccination viremia without compromising immunogenicity and thus, potentially mitigate YF vaccine-associated adverse events. We randomized 80 participants to receive either YF vaccine and Ig or YF vaccine and saline placebo. Participants were followed for 91 days for safety and assessments of viremia and immunogenicity. There were no differences found between the two groups in the proportion of vaccinated participants who developed viremia, seroconversion, cluster of differentiation (CD)-8 + and CD4 + T-cell responses, and cytokine responses. These results argue against one putative explanation for the increased reporting of YF vaccine side effects in recent years (i.e., a change in travel clinic practice after 1996 when hepatitis A prophylaxis with vaccine replaced routine use of pre-travel Ig, thus potentially removing an incidental YF vaccineattenuating effect of anti-YF virus antibodies present in Ig) (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00254826).

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Vaccination Against Yellow Fever With Immune Serum and Virus Fixed for Mice

Cited by 41 publications

References 4 publications

Current status and future prospects of yellow fever vaccines

Current status and future prospects of yellow fever vaccines

Review of the risks and benefits of yellow fever vaccination including some new analyses

A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial of the 17D Yellow Fever Virus Vaccine Given in Combination with Immune Globulin or Placebo: Comparative Viremia and Immunogenicity

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