Vaccination Disparity: Quantifying Racial Inequity in COVID-19 Vaccine Administration in Maryland

Cardona, Stephanie; Felipe, Naillid; Fischer, Kyle; Sehgal, Neil; Schwartz, Brad E.

doi:10.1007/s11524-021-00551-0

Cited by 26 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…In view of this history and current evidence on racial disparities in health care in Brazil, and in view of the result of the present study, which identifies a greater chance of non-white women not being vaccinated, it is observed that racial disparities have also had an effect on vaccination against Covid-19. A study carried out in Maryland, USA, identified lower vaccination rates against Covid-19 when compared to regions with predominantly white populations [ 30 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with vaccination against Covid-19 in pregnant and hospitalized postpartum women: A retrospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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Objective To analyze the characteristics associated with vaccination against Covid-19 in pregnant and postpartum women with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome in Brazil and to investigate a possible association between vaccination and the clinical course and outcome of the disease. Methods Retrospective cohort study of hospitalized pregnant and postpartum women diagnosed with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) by SARS-CoV-2, presenting onset of signs and symptoms between May and October 2021. Secondary data were used, available in the Influenza Epidemiological Surveillance Information System (SIVEP-Gripe). Data were analyzed using the SPSS statistical program, medians were applied to present continuous variables and frequencies, and proportions were calculated for categorical variables, using logistic and multivariate regression analysis. Results The final study population included 3,585 pregnant and postpartum women, of whom 596 (16.6) were vaccinated: 443 (74.3%) received one dose and 153 (25.7%) received two doses. They were factors associated with non-vaccination against Covid-19 age ≤ 19 anos (OR: 2.57; IC95% 1.40;4.71), non-white women (OR: 1.34; IC95% 1.07;1.67) and those who required ventilatory support (OR: 1.51; IC95% 1.19;1.90) and invasive ventilation (OR: 2.05; IC95% 1.37;3.08). On the other hand, vaccination was associated with advanced maternal age (OR: 0.60; IC95% 0.48;0.76), presence of comorbidities (OR: 0.57; IC95% 0.45;0.72) and loss of taste (OR: 0.63; IC95% 0.48;0.82). Conclusions Demographic, ethnic-racial and clinical characteristics were associated with the vaccination status of pregnant and postpartum women with SARS by SARS-CoV-2 in Brazil. Vaccination against Covid-19 in the obstetric population has already shown positive results in the evolution of severe cases, which reiterates its importance. It is essential that health services advance vaccination against Covid-19 in the obstetric population, especially adolescentes and non-white women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors associated with vaccination against Covid-19 in pregnant and hospitalized postpartum women: A retrospective cohort study

et al. 2022

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“…Numerous studies have focused on geographic dimensions of COVID-19-related inequality, [90,91,92,93,94,95,96,97] but few have examined spatial differences in vaccination below the state level. [59,98,99,100] The temporal persistence of geographical vaccination disparities is particularly underexplored. We also contribute a novel dataset [101] that harmonizes initially incompatible sources.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

COVID-19 Vaccine Rollouts and the Reproduction of Urban Spatial Inequality: Disparities Within Large US Cities in March and April 2021 by Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Composition

DiRago

Tom

et al. 2022

J Urban Health

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Rollouts of COVID-19 vaccines in the USA were opportunities to redress disparities that surfaced during the pandemic. Initial eligibility criteria, however, neglected geographic, racial/ethnic, and socioeconomic considerations. Marginalized populations may have faced barriers to then-scarce vaccines, reinforcing disparities. Inequalities may have subsided as eligibility expanded. Using spatial modeling, we investigate how strongly local vaccination levels were associated with socioeconomic and racial/ethnic composition as authorities first extended vaccine eligibility to all adults. We harmonize administrative, demographic, and geospatial data across postal codes in eight large US cities over 3 weeks in Spring 2021. We find that, although vaccines were free regardless of health insurance coverage, local vaccination levels in March and April were negatively associated with poverty, enrollment in means-tested public health insurance (e.g., Medicaid), and the uninsured population. By April, vaccination levels in Black and Hispanic communities were only beginning to reach those of Asian and White communities in March. Increases in vaccination were smaller in socioeconomically disadvantaged Black and Hispanic communities than in more affluent, Asian, and White communities. Our findings suggest vaccine rollouts contributed to cumulative disadvantage. Populations that were left most vulnerable to COVID-19 benefited least from early expansions in vaccine availability in large US cities.

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“…Racial and ethnic minorities are often socioeconomically disadvantaged and their higher vulnerability to myths and misinformation, greater perceived barriers to obtaining COVID-19 vaccines, and higher concern about COVID-19 cost and safety could make them more hesitant toward vaccines ( Ruiz & Bell, 2021 ; Khubchandani & Macias, 2021 ; Momplaisir et al, 2021 ; Bateman et al, 2022 ). Their vaccine hesitancy could also come from their lower trust in science and medical establishments due to historical and ongoing discrimination and racial injustices including unconsented and unethical medical experimentation and research practices such as the Tuskegee Syphilis experiment ( Cardona et al, 2021 ; Kricorian et al, 2021 ; McFadden et al, 2021 ).…”

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confidence: 99%

Racial concentration and dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination in the United States

Wu¹

2022

SSM - Population Health

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Vaccination Disparity: Quantifying Racial Inequity in COVID-19 Vaccine Administration in Maryland

Cited by 26 publications

References 8 publications

Factors associated with vaccination against Covid-19 in pregnant and hospitalized postpartum women: A retrospective cohort study

Factors associated with vaccination against Covid-19 in pregnant and hospitalized postpartum women: A retrospective cohort study

COVID-19 Vaccine Rollouts and the Reproduction of Urban Spatial Inequality: Disparities Within Large US Cities in March and April 2021 by Racial/Ethnic and Socioeconomic Composition

Racial concentration and dynamics of COVID-19 vaccination in the United States

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