Vaccination of langur monkeys (Presbytis entellus) against Leishmania donovani with autoclaved L. major plus BCG

Abstract

The protective potential of killed Leishmania major (ALM) along with BCG was evaluated against L. donovani in Indian langur monkeys in single and triple dose schedules. A delayed protection was observed in monkeys after a single dose schedule of ALM (3 mg)+BCG (3 mg) given intradermally 2 months before intravenous challenge with L. donovani. Triple dose schedule each of 1 mg ALM + 1 mg BCG was more effective. The status remained unchanged until the end of the experiment (approximately 8 months). The study indicates that a combination of ALM + BCG may be a good candidate vaccine for exploiting against human Kala-azar.

Immunization with the DNA-Encoding N-Terminal Domain of Proteophosphoglycan of Leishmania donovani Generates Th1-Type Immunoprotective Response against Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis

“…It has been well known that as a measure of CMI, the elevation of IgG2 is consistent with the development of effective immune responses (65). The progressive elevation of the anti-Leishmania IgG and IgG1 in all of the groups except the vaccinated group with time compared with the level of IgG2, which was significantly and consistently prominent in the vaccinated group, suggested that protection against leishmaniasis is induced by a strong T cell response and almost undetectable amounts of Abs (62,66) which was also seen in clinical as well as experimental VL (31,50).…”

“…For bulk cultivation, promastigotes were grown in L-15 medium (Sigma-Aldrich) with L-glutamine, supplemented with 10% tryptose phosphate broth (Himedia), 0.1% gentamicin, and 10% FBS (Life Technologies). Parasites were harvested after 3-4 days of culture (31). (1.6 kb) L. donovani strain 2039 genomic DNA was isolated from 10 8 promastigotes, washed, and suspended in NET buffer (10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5), 100 mM NaCl, and 1 mM EDTA) and incubated with proteinase K (1 mg/ml; Invitrogen Life Technologies) and 0.5% SDS at 50°C for 4 h. Nucleic acids were extracted by phenol:chloroform:isoamyl alcohol extraction and ethanol precipitation.…”

Protective immunity using MPL-A and autoclaved Leishmania donovani as adjuvants along with a cocktail vaccine in murine model of visceral leishmaniasis

“…Also, the use of ALD as an adjuvant along with gp63?Hsp70 antigen significantly protected the BALB/c mice against Leishmania infection and reduced the parasite load by 85.7 %. This is in agreement to the studies which showed that vaccination with autoclaved L. major conferred significant protection in simian and mice (Dube et al 1998;Misra et al 2001;Michel et al 2006) while ALD has been shown to confer protection in hamster model (Srivastava et al 2003). Immunization with autoclaved Leishmania antigen has been shown to induce a significant resistance to challenge infection in mice as observed by reduction in parasite load (Nagill et al 2009).…”

Study of the safety, immunogenicity and efficacy of attenuated and killed Leishmania (Leishmania) major vaccines in a rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) model of the human disease

“…The protective potential of killed L. (L.) major along with BCG was also evaluated against L. (L.) donovani in Indian langur monkeys (Dube et al 1998). All challenge-infected primates developed infection, but effective protection was apparently observed in monkeys receiving a triple dose vaccination (each of 1 mg ALM plus 1 mg BCG).…”