Vaccination with an inactivated canine influenza H3N2 virus vaccine is safe and elicits an immune response in cats

Velineni, Sridhar; Hainer, Nicole; Conlee, Douglas; Hutchinson, Kendra

doi:10.1177/1098612x19833261

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…Recently, it was shown that a commercial inactivated H3N2 canine IAV vaccine was well tolerated and induced seroconversion in cats [ 62 ]. Even if this vaccine was to be licensed for cats, its usage in Europe is not recommended as this virus has been never detected in Europe, and in regions with canine influenza outbreaks infections in cats are very rare.…”

Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Frymus

Belák

Egberink

et al. 2021

Viruses

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In the past, cats were considered resistant to influenza. Today, we know that they are susceptible to some influenza A viruses (IAVs) originating in other species. Usually, the outcome is only subclinical infection or a mild fever. However, outbreaks of feline disease caused by canine H3N2 IAV with fever, tachypnoea, sneezing, coughing, dyspnoea and lethargy are occasionally noted in shelters. In one such outbreak, the morbidity rate was 100% and the mortality rate was 40%. Recently, avian H7N2 IAV infection occurred in cats in some shelters in the USA, inducing mostly mild respiratory disease. Furthermore, cats are susceptible to experimental infection with the human H3N2 IAV that caused the pandemic in 1968. Several studies indicated that cats worldwide could be infected by H1N1 IAV during the subsequent human pandemic in 2009. In one shelter, severe cases with fatalities were noted. Finally, the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 IAV can induce a severe, fatal disease in cats, and can spread via cat-to-cat contact. In this review, the Advisory Board on Cat Diseases (ABCD), a scientifically independent board of experts in feline medicine from 11 European countries, summarises current data regarding the aetiology, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture, diagnostics, and control of feline IAV infections, as well as the zoonotic risks.

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Section: Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Frymus

Belák

Egberink

et al. 2021

Viruses

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“…Hematological data showed no signi cant differences in the twenty measured hematologic parameters between vaccinated and control groups and indicate the safe pro le of (Antigen alone, SWE Adj, and Alum Adj) in juvenile cats. Overall, all three vaccine formulations showed an acceptable tolerability and safety pro le with outcomes with tolerability in cats reported for an inactivated in uenza virus vaccine [37].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 80%

A Spike protein-based subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for pets: safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in juvenile cats

Tabynov

Orynbassar

Yelchibayeva

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Whereas multiple vaccine types have been developed to curb the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) among humans, there are very few vaccines being developed for animals including pets. To combat the threat of human-to-animal, animal-to-animal and animal-to-human transmission and the generation of new virus variants, we developed a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which is based on recombinant spike protein extracellular domain expressed in insect cells then formulated with appropriate adjuvants. Sixteen 8-12-week-old outbred female and male kittens (n=4/group) were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: Group 1, Antigen alone; Group 2, Sepivac SWE™ adjuvant; Group 3, aluminum hydroxide adjuvant; Group 4, PBS administered control animals. All animals were vaccinated twice at day 0 and 14, intramuscularly in a volume of 0.5 mL (Groups 1-3: 5 µg of Spike protein). On days 0 and 28 serum samples were collected to evaluate anti-spike IgG, inhibition of spike binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), neutralizing antibodies to Wuhan-01 SARS-CoV-2 D614G (wild-type) and Delta variant viruses, and whole blood for hematology studies. At day 28, all groups were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 wild-type virus 106 TCID50 intranasally. On day 31, tissue samples (lung, heart, and nasal turbinates) were collected for histology, viral RNA detection and virus titration. Parameters evaluated in this study included safety, immunogenicity, and protection from infection with wild-type SARS-CoV-2 virus. After two immunizations, both vaccines induced high titers of serum anti-spike IgG, ACE-2 binding inhibitory and neutralizing antibodies against both wild-type and Delta variant virus in the juvenile cats. Both subunit vaccines provided protection of juvenile cats against virus shedding from the upper respiratory tract, and against viral replication in the lower respiratory tract and hearts. These promising data warrant ongoing evaluation of the vaccine’s ability to protect cats against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant and in particular to prevent transmission of the infection to naïve cats, before proceeding with large-scale field trials.

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“…Hematological data showed no significant differences in the 20 measured hematologic parameters between vaccinated and control groups. Overall, all three vaccine formulations showed an acceptable tolerability and safety profile with a similar tolerability to an inactivated influenza virus vaccine in cats ( 34 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A Spike Protein-Based Subunit SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine for Pets: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy in Juvenile Cats

et al. 2022

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Whereas, multiple vaccine types have been developed to curb the spread of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) among humans, there are very few vaccines being developed for animals including pets. To combat the threat of human-to-animal, animal-to-animal, and animal-to-human transmission and the generation of new virus variants, we developed a subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine which is based on the recombinant spike protein extracellular domain expressed in insect cells and then formulated with appropriate adjuvants. Sixteen 8–12-week-old outbred female and male kittens (n = 4 per group) were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: spike protein alone; spike plus ESSAI oil-in-water (O/W) 1849102 adjuvant; spike plus aluminum hydroxide adjuvant; and a PBS control. All animals were vaccinated intramuscularly twice, 2 weeks apart, with 5 μg of spike protein in a volume of 0.5 ml. On days 0 and 28, serum samples were collected to evaluate anti-spike IgG, antibody inhibition of spike binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE-2), neutralizing antibodies against wild-type and delta variant viruses, and hematology studies. At day 28, all groups were challenged with SARS-CoV-2 wild-type virus 106 TCID50 intranasally. On day 31, tissue samples (lung, heart, and nasal turbinates) were collected for viral RNA detection, and virus titration. After two immunizations, both vaccines induced high titers of serum anti-spike IgG that inhibited spike ACE-2 binding and neutralized both wild-type and delta variant virus. Both adjuvanted vaccine formulations protected juvenile cats against virus shedding from the upper respiratory tract and viral replication in the lower respiratory tract and hearts. These promising data warrant ongoing evaluation of the vaccine's ability to protect cats against SARS-CoV-2 infection and in particular to prevent transmission.

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Vaccination with an inactivated canine influenza H3N2 virus vaccine is safe and elicits an immune response in cats

Cited by 4 publications

References 12 publications

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

Influenza Virus Infections in Cats

A Spike protein-based subunit SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for pets: safety, immunogenicity, and protective efficacy in juvenile cats

A Spike Protein-Based Subunit SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine for Pets: Safety, Immunogenicity, and Protective Efficacy in Juvenile Cats

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