Vaccinations for the HIV-Infected Adult: A Review of the Current Recommendations, Part II

Crum-Cianflone, Nancy F.; Sullivan, Eva

doi:10.1007/s40121-017-0165-y

Cited by 29 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 108 publications

(129 reference statements)

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Given the very high level of attenuation observed for this live vaccine strain in the hypersusceptible SCID mouse model, the M. microti ATCC 35782 strain might be an ideal candidate for vaccination of immunodeficient individuals, such as HIV-positive children and adults for whom BCG vaccination is not recommended [108, 109], but who might benefit the most from an immunization against TB.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenomic analyses of Mycobacterium microti, an ESX-1-deleted member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex causing disease in various hosts

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Mycobacterium microti is an animal-adapted member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC), which was originally isolated from voles, but has more recently also been isolated from other selected mammalian hosts, including occasionally from humans. Here, we have generated and analysed the complete genome sequences of five representative vole and clinical M. microti isolates using PacBio- and Illumina-based technologies, and have tested their virulence and vaccine potential in SCID (severe combined immune deficient) mouse and/or guinea pig infection models. We show that the clinical isolates studied here cluster separately in the phylogenetic tree from vole isolates and other clades from publicly available M. microti genome sequences. These data also confirm that the vole and clinical M. microti isolates were all lacking the specific RD1mic region, which in other tubercle bacilli encodes the ESX-1 type VII secretion system. Biochemical analysis further revealed marked phenotypic differences between isolates in type VII-mediated secretion of selected PE and PPE proteins, which in part were attributed to specific genetic polymorphisms. Infection experiments in the highly susceptible SCID mouse model showed that the clinical isolates were significantly more virulent than the tested vole isolates, but still much less virulent than the M. tuberculosis H37Rv control strain. The strong attenuation of the ATCC 35872 vole isolate in immunocompromised mice, even compared to the attenuated BCG (bacillus Calmette–Guérin) vaccine, and its historic use in human vaccine trials encouraged us to test this strain’s vaccine potential in a guinea pig model, where it demonstrated similar protective efficacy as a BCG control, making it a strong candidate for vaccination of immunocompromised individuals in whom BCG vaccination is contra-indicated. Overall, we provide new insights into the genomic and phenotypic variabilities and particularities of members of an understudied clade of the MTBC, which all share a recent common ancestor that is characterized by the deletion of the RD1mic region.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenomic analyses of Mycobacterium microti, an ESX-1-deleted member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex causing disease in various hosts

et al. 2021

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Frequencies of Cytomegalovirus (CMV) (100) and Mycobacterium tuberculosis ( M.tb )-specific CD4 + T cell responses (101) are significantly lower in HIV infected individuals relative to healthy individuals and, despite clearly detectable HIV-specific CD8 + T cell responses, little to no HIV-specific CD4 + T cell proliferation is detectable in untreated HIV infection (100). Generally, immune responses to vaccination (humoral and cellular) are lower and less durable in HIV infected individuals compared to healthy individuals, suggesting weaker CD4 + T cell help [reviewed in (102, 103)]. In one study, vaccination with the experimental vaccine Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) expressing the M.tb antigen, 85A was compared in HIV uninfected, HIV viremic (CD4 + count >300 cells/mm 3 ) and ART-suppressed individuals.…”

Section: Hiv-1 Infection Dysregulates Cd4+ T Cell Homeostasismentioning

confidence: 99%

Blocking Formation of the Stable HIV Reservoir: A New Perspective for HIV-1 Cure

et al. 2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Recent studies demonstrate that the stable HIV-1 reservoir in resting CD4 + T cells is mostly formed from viruses circulating when combination antiretroviral therapy (ART) is initiated. Here we explore the immunological basis for these observations. Untreated HIV-1 infection is characterized by a progressive depletion of memory CD4 + T cells which mostly express CD127, the α chain of the IL-7 receptor (IL-7R). Depletion results from both direct infection and bystander loss of memory CD4 + T cells in part attributed to dysregulated IL-7/IL-7R signaling. While IL-7/IL7R signaling is not essential for the generation of effector CD4 + T cells from naïve cells, it is essential for the further transition of effectors to memory CD4 + T cells and their subsequent homeostatic maintenance. HIV-1 infection therefore limits the transition of CD4 + T cells from an effector to long-lived memory state. With the onset of ART, virus load (VL) levels rapidly decrease and the frequency of CD127 + CD4 + memory T cells increases, indicating restoration of effector to memory transition in CD4 + T cells. Collectively these data suggest that following ART initiation, HIV-1 infected effector CD4 + T cells transition to long-lived, CD127 + CD4 + T cells forming the majority of the stable HIV-1 reservoir. We propose that combining ART initiation with inhibition of IL-7/IL-7R signaling to block CD4 + T cell memory formation will limit the generation of long-lived HIV-infected CD4 + T cells and reduce the overall size of the stable HIV-1 reservoir.

show abstract

“…Vaccines are in general considered safe and effective in people living with HIV (PLWH); exceptions refer to attenuated vaccines [ 2 , 4 ]. To acknowledge this situation and to increase vaccination coverage among PLWH, national guidelines regarding vaccinations in this population were issued in several countries [ 2 ], including Germany [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sociodemographic, HIV-Related Characteristics, and Health Care Factors as Predictors of Self-Reported Vaccination Coverage in a Nationwide Sample of People Aging with HIV in Germany

Drewes

Langer

Ebert

et al. 2021

IJERPH

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Preventing infectious diseases through vaccination becomes more significant among the growing population of people aging with HIV. Coverage rates for vaccinations and factors associated with vaccination utilization among this population in Germany are unknown. We assessed the coverage of eight recommended vaccinations in a certain time frame in our convenience sample of 903 people living with HIV aged 50 years and older. We analysed coverage rates and used bivariate and multiple linear regression analyses to identify factors associated with number of reported vaccinations. Coverage rates in our sample ranged between 51.0% for meningococcus disease and 84.6% for the triple vaccination against tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis. All rates were higher compared to the German general population. Seven factors were related to the number of vaccinations in multiple regression analysis: sexual orientation, education, relationship status, CD4 count, time since last visit to HIV specialist, type of HIV specialist, and distance to HIV specialist. Vaccination coverage among people aging with HIV in Germany is high, but not optimal. To improve vaccination uptake, strengthened efforts need to be focused on female and heterosexual male patients, socioeconomically disadvantaged patients, and patients with barriers to access regular HIV care.

show abstract

Vaccinations for the HIV-Infected Adult: A Review of the Current Recommendations, Part II

Cited by 29 publications

References 108 publications

Pathogenomic analyses of Mycobacterium microti, an ESX-1-deleted member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex causing disease in various hosts

Pathogenomic analyses of Mycobacterium microti, an ESX-1-deleted member of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex causing disease in various hosts

Blocking Formation of the Stable HIV Reservoir: A New Perspective for HIV-1 Cure

Sociodemographic, HIV-Related Characteristics, and Health Care Factors as Predictors of Self-Reported Vaccination Coverage in a Nationwide Sample of People Aging with HIV in Germany

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About