Vaccine-Derived Immunity in Children With Cancer-Analysis of Anti-Tetanus and Anti-Diphtheria Antibodies Changes after Completion of Antineoplastic Therapy

Januszkiewicz‐Lewandowska, Danuta; Gowin, Ewelina; Bocian, J; Zając‐Spychała, Olga; Małecka, Ilona; Stryczyńska-Kazubska, Joanna; Kałużna, Ewelina; Avonts, Dirk; Wysocka-Leszczyńska, Joanna; Wysocki, Jacek

doi:10.1002/pbc.25685

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…14,39,40 Suboptimal, yet highly heterogenous responses to vaccinations are described in leukemia survivors. [41][42][43][44][45][46] However, because most studies have a short follow-up period, the immune recovery process remains only partially characterized, and data are limited on how surrogate markers, such as immunoglobulin levels or lymphocyte subsets, relate to clinically relevant infections. Also possible is that chronic comorbidities known to affect leukemia survivors disproportionally, such as diabetes 47 or obesity, 48 put them at a slightly increased risk of infections several years after the end of treatment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Risk of Infections After Treatment of Childhood Leukemia: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Administrative Health Data

Pelland‐Marcotte

Pole

Hwee

et al. 2019

JCO

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PURPOSE Infections are a frequent complication during childhood leukemia treatment. Little is known about the infectious risk in survivors. We compared the relative rate (RR) of infections after treatment completion between pediatric leukemia survivors and the general population. METHODS We performed a retrospective, population-based cohort study of children diagnosed with leukemia between 1992 and 2015 in Ontario, Canada, who were alive and relapse free 30 days after treatment completion (index date). Leukemia survivors were matched 5:1 with the general population by year of birth, sex, and rural status and stratified by initial treatment, including and excluding hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT). The primary outcome was time to infections, as identified using validated diagnostic codes from administrative databases. Individuals were censored at the earliest of death, first relapse, loss to follow-up, or end of study. RESULTS A total of 2,204 leukemia survivors were included and matched with 11,020 controls. The rate of infections was elevated after treatment completion compared with controls (RR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.45 to 1.57) and at less than 1 year (RR, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.69 to 1.86); 1 to 4.99 years (RR, 1.66; 95% CI, 1.62 to 1.71), and 5 or more years (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.22 to 1.36) from the index date. Among those whose initial treatment excluded HSCT, the rate remained elevated more than 5 years from the index date (RR, 1.29; 95% CI, 1.23 to 1.35). Infection-related death was significantly increased in leukemia survivors both among the entire cohort (hazard ratio, 149.3; 95% CI, 20.4 to 1,091.9) and among those without HSCT (hazard ratio, 92.7; 95% CI, 12.4 to 690.7). CONCLUSION A significant association was found between a history of leukemia therapy and an increased risk of infections. Additional study is needed to establish which exposures in patients with leukemia lead to late infections.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-Term Risk of Infections After Treatment of Childhood Leukemia: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Administrative Health Data

Pelland‐Marcotte

Pole

Hwee

et al. 2019

JCO

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“…Clinical evidence teaches that tumor immune suppression does not significantly impact pre-existing, consolidated immune responses, like those induced early in life by pediatric vaccinations. 6 Hence, a new perspective for cancer vaccination could be redirecting pre-existing immunity against tumor. This innovative strategy requires a vector able to vehicle the antigen target of the preexisting immunity within tumor cells in association with a potent adjuvant able to subvert the immune suppressive milieu present in TME.…”

Section: How This Study Might Affect Research Practice or Policymentioning

confidence: 99%

Trojan-horse silk fibroin nanocarriers loaded with a re-call antigen to redirect immunity against cancer

Bari

Ferrera

Altosole

et al. 2023

J Immunother Cancer

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BackgroundThe current challenge for immunotherapies is to generate effective antitumor immunity. Since tumor immune escape mechanisms do not impact pre-existing and consolidated immune responses, we tested the hypothesis of redirecting a pregenerated immunity to cancer: to recall a non-tumor antigen response against the tumor, silk fibroin nanoparticles (SFNs) have been selected as ‘Trojan-horse’ carriers, promoting the antigen uptake by the tumor cells.MethodsSFNs have been loaded with either ovalbumin (OVA) or CpG oligonucleotide (CpG) as antigen or adjuvant, respectively. In vitro uptake of SFNs by tumor (B16/F10 melanoma and MB49 bladder cancer) or dendritic cells, as well as the presence of OVA-specific T cells in splenic and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes, were assessed by cytometric analyses. Proof-of-concept of in vivo efficacy was achieved in an OVA-hyperimmune B16/F10 murine melanoma model: SFNs-OVA or SFNs-CpG were injected, separately or in association, into the subcutaneous peritumoral area. Cancer dimensions/survival time were monitored, while, at the molecular level, system biology approaches based on graph theory and experimental proteomic data were performed.ResultsSFNs were efficiently in vitro uptaken by cancer and dendritic cells. In vivo peritumor administration of SFNs-OVA redirected OVA-specific cytotoxic T cells intratumorally. Proteomics and systems biology showed that peritumoral treatment with either SFNs-OVA or SFNs-CpG dramatically modified tumor microenvironment with respect to the control (CTR), mainly involving functional modules and hubs related to angiogenesis, inflammatory mediators, immune function, T complex and serpins expression, redox homeostasis, and energetic metabolism. Both SFNs-OVA and SFNs-CpG significantly delayed melanoma growth/survival time, and their effect was additive.ConclusionsBoth SFNs-OVA and SFNs-CpG induce effective anticancer response through complementary mechanisms and show the efficacy of an innovative active immunotherapy approach based on the redirection of pre-existing immunity against cancer cells. This approach could be universally applied for solid cancer treatments if translated into the clinic using re-call antigens of childhood vaccination.

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MMR vaccination timing and long‐term immunity among childhood cancer survivors

Speckhart¹

2023

Pediatric Blood & Cancer

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Long‐term seroprotection against the measles and mumps viruses has not been reported in childhood cancer survivor (CCS) who received two‐lifetime doses of the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine. We performed a retrospective study of measles and mumps titers among 55 CCS who received standard chemotherapy and two MMR vaccinations at any time. Over 75% of CCS who received at least one MMR prior to their cancer diagnosis had a negative or equivocal titer to measles or mumps. In contrast, all CCS who received the MMR series following their cancer treatment demonstrated long‐term seroprotection to both viruses at a mean of 8.2 years after their last vaccination.

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Vaccine-Derived Immunity in Children With Cancer-Analysis of Anti-Tetanus and Anti-Diphtheria Antibodies Changes after Completion of Antineoplastic Therapy

Cited by 8 publications

References 17 publications

Long-Term Risk of Infections After Treatment of Childhood Leukemia: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Administrative Health Data

Long-Term Risk of Infections After Treatment of Childhood Leukemia: A Population-Based Cohort Study Using Administrative Health Data

Trojan-horse silk fibroin nanocarriers loaded with a re-call antigen to redirect immunity against cancer

MMR vaccination timing and long‐term immunity among childhood cancer survivors

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