Vaccine development and delivery strategies – A glimpse

Abstract

Vaccines are one of the oldest biological products which are most successful in modulating immune response against various life-threatening infectious diseases. Currently, there are many advancements in the designing and delivery of vaccines. Starting from the use of live attenuated and dead microbes as vaccines, to the stage of mapping antibodies using various software and algorithms for designing desired vaccine, the journey has taken many turns in the last two centuries. Current write up gives a glimpse of various developments in the development of vaccines as well as delivery strategies like use of immunoinformatics, artifi cial intelligence and efforts made towards the delivery of vaccines using nanoparticles, vectors, hydrogels as adjuancts.

Challenges and Strategies for Developing Recombinant Vaccines against Leptospirosis: Role of Expression Platforms and Adjuvants in Achieving Protective Efficacy

“…Progress in molecular biology and genetic engineering fields has enabled the development of live recombinant vectors capable of delivering heterologous antigens and eliciting an immune response against their own antigens and the heterologous antigens [ 43 , 44 ]. Due to their ability to simulate natural infections [ 45 ], live recombinant vectors can stimulate humoral and/or cellular immune responses and can elicit mucosal immunity through oral administration [ 46 , 47 ].…”

A guide to oral vaccination: Highlighting electrospraying as a promising manufacturing technique toward a successful oral vaccine development

“…Infectious diseases have been a major cause of human mortality over the years, requiring a constant development of vaccines and antimicrobial agents as two promising therapeutic approaches. To circumvent the spreading of viral infections, the urge of using vaccines has shown to be effective and economical ( Wang and Coppel, 2008 , Rashmi and Madhavi, 2021 ). However, many commercially available vaccines are administered parenterally, either IM or SC, which possesses specific challenges, including patient non-compliance and safety concerns ( Wang and Coppel 2008 ).…”

Covid-19 ile mücadelede bitkilerin rolü

“…Ayrıca bu aşılar gerçekleştirilen insan ve hayvan çalışmalarından oral olarak uygulandıkları yerlerde antijen-spesifik immun yanıtı indüklemişlerdir [36]. Ayrıca gerçekleştirilen farklı çalışmalar, oda sıcaklığında uzun süre stabil olarak kalabildiklerini de göstermiştir [37]. Yine de oral kullanım subunit aşılarda immun cevaplarında var olan çeşitlilikten dolayı ticari olarak başarı elde edilememiştir.…”