Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza in infants: A matched case control study

Cochran, Lauren W; Black, Steven; Klein, Nicola P.; Dekker, Cornelia L.; Lewis, Edwin; Reingold, Arthur

doi:10.4161/hv.6.9.12470

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…We also discovered that partial vaccination showed no protection in 2011–2012 season; this finding is similar to the findings of Eisenberg in the 2003–2004 and 2004–2005 influenza seasons and of Cochran in the 2003–2004, 2004–2005, and 2005–2006 influenza seasons in the United States …”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…4 Our estimated VE was consistent with reported findings in other countries. For example, Joshi found that in Olmsted County, 15 We also discovered that partial vaccination showed no protection in 2011-2012 season; this finding is similar to the findings of Eisenberg 16 It has already been shown that the degree of antigenic matching between the circulating and vaccine strains affects VE. 17 Belongia et al 18 reported that the influenza VE was <25% for mismatched subtypes, but 50-95% for wellmatched subtypes.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

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Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness among children, 2010–2012

Li³

et al. 2013

Influenza Resp Viruses

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BackgroundThe annual differences in the seasonal influenza vaccine and the circulating strains make it necessary to assess influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) yearly. We assessed the effectiveness of the trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine for the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 influenza seasons among children in Guangzhou, China.MethodsWe conducted a 1:2 matched case–control study based on date of birth (±7 days), gender, and area of residence. The influenza cases from surveillance sites in Guangzhou were laboratory‐confirmed during the 2010–2012 seasons. The controls were randomly selected from children aged 6–59 months in the Children's Expanded Programmed Immunization Administrative Computerized System. The influenza vaccination information for both cases and controls was retrieved from this system.ResultsWe analyzed the vaccination information for 1255 influenza cases and 2510 matched controls in 2 influenza seasons in Guangzhou, China. We found that the VE for vaccination during the 2010–2011 and 2011–2012 seasons of virus circulation was 73·2% (95% confidence interval (CI), 52·2–85·0%) and 52·9% (95% CI, 42·1–61·7%), respectively. The VE decreased from 68·9% (95% CI, 57·5–77·2%) in the period between January and March to 48·4% (95% CI, 33·8–59·7%) in the period between April and June.ConclusionsThis post‐licensing study of VE found moderate protection against influenza for vaccinated children aged 6–59 months. Although the influenza vaccine strains for the 2010–2011 and the 2011–2012 seasons were the same, our study indicated that annual vaccination is recommended even for those who received the vaccine during the previous season.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Seasonal influenza vaccine effectiveness among children, 2010–2012

Li³

et al. 2013

Influenza Resp Viruses

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“…The best example in this regard is provided by the 3‐year case–control analysis of infants aged 6–23 months carried out by Cochran et al. [31]; this found no efficacy during the first two influenza seasons in which the vaccine strains were largely mismatched with the circulating strains, and an efficacy of 59% during the third year when the match was much better. A strict relationship between vaccine match and vaccine efficacy is also acknowledged in adults [35].…”

Section: Injectable Influenza Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the efficacy of TIVs is significantly less when the viral strains included in the vaccine do not perfectly match those circulating in the community during an epidemic. Heikkinen and Heinonen [26] examined the data collected in ten clinical trials [22,24,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34] that evaluated the efficacy of TIVs in children aged <5 years using laboratory tests to confirm the diagnosis of influenza, and found that the protection offered by these vaccines strictly related to the degree of matching: when matching was very good, efficacy was always 60% or more (and in some cases higher than 80%); in the case of a poor match, it was always less than 60%, and sometimes near 0% [26]. The best example in this regard is provided by the 3-year case-control analysis of infants aged 6-23 months carried out by Cochran et al [31]; this found no efficacy during the first two influenza seasons in which the vaccine strains were largely mismatched with the circulating strains, and an efficacy of 59% during the third year when the match was much better.…”

Section: Injectable Influenza Vaccines Trivalent Inactivated Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preventing influenza in younger children

Esposito

Tagliabue

Tagliaferri

et al. 2012

Clinical Microbiology and Infection

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Influenza is common in infants and children: attack rates vary from 23% to 48% each year during inter-pandemic periods, and are even higher during pandemics. Severe cases occur more frequently in children with underlying chronic diseases; however, epidemiological studies have clearly shown that influenza also causes an excess of medical examinations, drug prescriptions and hospitalizations in otherwise healthy children (particularly those aged <5 years), as well as a considerable number of paediatric deaths. Childhood influenza also has a number of social and economic consequences. However, many European health authorities are still reluctant to include influenza vaccinations in their national vaccination programmes for healthy children because, among other things, there are doubts concerning their real ability to evoke a protective immune response, especially in children in the first years of life. New hope for the solution of these problems has come from the introduction of vaccines containing more antigens and the possibility of intradermal administration. However, further studies are needed to establish whether universal influenza vaccination in the first years of life should be recommended, and with which vaccine.

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“…[153,156,157] Several observational studies of TIV VE among children less than 5 years of age have found a VE of 60-85% in seasons where vaccine strains are well-matched to circulating strains, but a VE of 0-60% when vaccines are poorly matched to circulating strains. [158][159][160][161][162][163][164] In addition to the direct protection of children conferred by influenza immunization, limited data indicate that protection of unvaccinated household [165,166] and community contacts [154] may be conferred by immunization of children.…”

Section: Inactivated Influenza Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%