Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among young children during the 2010-11 to 2013-14 influenza seasons in Ontario, Canada

Buchan, Sarah A; Chung, Hannah; Campitelli, Michael A.; Crowcroft, Natasha S.; Gubbay, Jonathan B.; Karnauchow, Timothy; Katz, Kevin; McGeer, Allison; McNally, James Dayre; Richardson, David; Richardson, Susan E.; Rosella, Laura; Simor, Andrew E.; Śmieja, Marek; Tran, Dat; Zahariadis, George; Kwong, Jeffrey C.

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0187834

Cited by 27 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…This study was limited by the unavailability of data regarding influenza vaccination in prior seasons. Although studies examining the effect of prior influenza vaccination on current season VE have shown variable results [34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41], most evidence to date suggests that influenza A (H3N2) VE estimates are highest when vaccination is administered during the season that is being evaluated [20,38].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of a Drifted Influenza A (H3N2) Clade and Its Association with Age-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Variations, Influenza Season 2018–2019

et al. 2020

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Background: Influenza A (H3N2) clade 3C.3a was the predominant influenza virus in Israel throughout the 2018-2019 season, constituting a drift from the influenza A (H3N2) vaccine. We estimated the end-of season vaccine effectiveness (VE) by age, among community patients with influenza-like illness (ILI), considering the hemagglutinin (HA) gene mutations and amino acid substitutions of influenza A (H3N2) viruses detected. Methods: Nose-throat samples were analyzed for the presence of influenza virus, type/subtype, and HA gene sequence. HA gene sequences and amino acid substitutions were compared to the influenza A/Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016 (H3N2)-like 2018-2019 vaccine virus, and a phylogenetic tree was generated. Influenza VE against influenza A (H3N2) was estimated using the test-negative design. VE was estimated by age group and by 15 year moving age intervals. Results: In total, 90% of the influenza A (H3N2) viruses belonged to the 3C.3a clade, constituting a unique situation in the northern hemisphere. Adjusted all-age influenza A (H3N2) VE was −3.5% (95% CI: −51.2 to 29.1). Although adjusted VEs were very low among infants, children, and young adults, a VE of 45% (95% CI: −19.2 to 74.6) was estimated among adults aged ≥45 years old. Conclusions: The higher VE point estimates among older adults may be related to previous exposure to similar influenza viruses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Predominance of a Drifted Influenza A (H3N2) Clade and Its Association with Age-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Variations, Influenza Season 2018–2019

et al. 2020

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“…The CCC is preferentially used to identify comorbidities in children. We used the same codes as previous studies identifying CCC from the ICES administrative databases [15].…”

Section: Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long-term survival and costs following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill children—a population-based cohort study

Fernando¹,

Qureshi²,

Tanuseputro³

et al. 2020

Crit Care

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Background: Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) is used to provide temporary cardiorespiratory support to critically ill children. While short-term outcomes and costs have been evaluated in this population, less is known regarding long-term survival and costs. Methods: Population-based cohort study from Ontario, Canada (October 1, 2009 to March 31, 2017), of pediatric patients (< 18 years of age) receiving ECMO, identified through the use of an ECMO procedural code. Outcomes were identified through linkage to provincial health databases. Primary outcome was survival, measured to hospital discharge, as well as at 1 year, 2 years, and 5 years following ECMO initiation. We evaluated total patient costs in the first year following ECMO. Results: We analyzed 342 pediatric patients. Mean age at ECMO initiation was 2.9 years (standard deviation [SD] = 5.0). Median time from hospital admission to ECMO initiation was 5 days (interquartile range [IQR] = 1-13 days). Overall survival to hospital discharge was 56.4%.

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“…RV-positive children were second youngest after RSV-positive children while IFAV-positive children were generally older than those positive for any other virus. Interestingly, it is often children younger than 2 years who are affected by severe influenza [ 46 ]. Most RV detections (single or multiple) occurred in infants, the largest contributing population.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genotypic diversity, circulation patterns and co-detections among rhinoviruses in Queensland, 2001

Arden

Greer

Wang

et al. 2020

Access Microbiology

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Purpose Rhinoviruses (RVs) occur more frequently than other viruses and more often in people displaying symptoms than in those without. We sought to estimate the spectrum of RV diversity, RV species seasonality and to analyse RV involvement in respiratory virus co-detections. Methodology A convenience collection of 1179 airway sample extracts from patients with suspected respiratory infections, collected during 2001, was subjected to comprehensive molecular testing. Results RVs were the most common virus detected. We were able to genotype ~90 % of RV detections, identifying 70 distinct RVs, spanning all three species. RV-Bs were under-represented. We found RV species co-circulated at times, although one species usually dominated. Each species displayed a bimodal distribution. Conclusion Notably, RVs and influenza A viruses (IFAV) seldom co-occurred, supporting their roles as primary pathogens of the airway among acutely ill infants. Whether RV circulation has a moderating or controlling effect on the IFAV season or is controlled by it cannot be determined from these data. Despite the frequent perception that RVs commonly co-occur with another virus, our findings indicated this was not always the case. Nearly 80 % of RV detections occurred alone. Understanding more about population-level interference between viruses may allow us to harness aspects of it to generate a non-specific antiviral intervention that mimics a putative protective effect. For routine respiratory virus screening to best serve the patient, RV testing should be a principal component of any acute respiratory illness testing algorithm throughout the year.

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Vaccine effectiveness against laboratory-confirmed influenza hospitalizations among young children during the 2010-11 to 2013-14 influenza seasons in Ontario, Canada

Cited by 27 publications

References 40 publications

Predominance of a Drifted Influenza A (H3N2) Clade and Its Association with Age-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Variations, Influenza Season 2018–2019

Predominance of a Drifted Influenza A (H3N2) Clade and Its Association with Age-Specific Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Variations, Influenza Season 2018–2019

Long-term survival and costs following extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in critically ill children—a population-based cohort study

Genotypic diversity, circulation patterns and co-detections among rhinoviruses in Queensland, 2001

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