Vaccine Hesitancy Under the Magnifying Glass: A Systematic Review of the Uses and Misuses of an Increasingly Popular Construct

Ophir, Yotam; Walter, Nathan; Walter, Dror; Velho, Raphaela M.; Lokmanoglu, Ayse; Pruden, Meredith L.; Andrews, Emily A.

doi:10.1080/10410236.2022.2054102

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 133 publications

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“…Second, the use of a single-item assessment tool limits us in drawing firm conclusions regarding vaccine hesitancy. However, a recent review showed important gaps in conceptualization and operationalization of vaccine hesitancy [ 62 ], and the development of a valid measure of vaccine hesitancy or resistance is strongly needed. Third, we evaluated individuals’ intention to be vaccinated and we do not know if an actual uptake followed this intention.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Existential Concerns in the Individual’s Decisions regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Survey among Non-Vaccinated Italian Adults during the Third Wave of the Pandemic

et al. 2022

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Recent studies have suggested that health constructs embraced by the Terror Management Theory (TMT) and the Basic Psychological Needs Theory (BPNT) may drive individuals’ COVID-19 health-related decisions. This study examines the relationships between existential concerns (ECs; within the TMT), basic psychological needs (BPNs; within the BPNT) and COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy (VH), as well as the mediating role of negative attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines. A cross-sectional survey was carried out from April to May 2021 on a sample of two hundred and eighty-seven adults (Mage = 36.04 ± 12.07; 59.9% females). Participants provided information regarding existential concerns, basic psychological needs, attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine hesitancy for Pfizer-BioNTech and AstraZeneca vaccines separately. Higher vaccine hesitancy (32.1%) and vaccine resistance (32.8%) rates were found for AstraZeneca than for Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 vaccine (22.3% and 10.1%, respectively). Structural equation modeling showed that existential concerns were related to Pfizer-BioNTech and AstraZeneca vaccine hesitancy both directly and indirectly through negative attitudes toward potential side effects of COVID-19 vaccines. The findings of the study confirm that the TMT is efficient in explaining COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy. Targeted efforts are needed to increase the acceptance of COVID-19 vaccines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Existential Concerns in the Individual’s Decisions regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Survey among Non-Vaccinated Italian Adults during the Third Wave of the Pandemic

et al. 2022

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“…As a result, multiple studies and scholars have emphasized bots’ potential risks to democratic processes (Ferrara et al, 2016; Woolley, 2016) by promoting polarizing content (Chen, Shi, et al, 2021; Luceri et al, 2019; Stewart et al, 2018), that is often inaccurate or even intentionally misleading. These included studies into bots’ ability to amplify mis- and disinformation from partisan (Chen, Shi, et al, 2021; Shao et al, 2018), fringe (Klinger et al, 2022; Ophir et al, 2022; Walter et al, 2022), and foreign (Walter et al, 2020) sources, often aimed at influencing electoral processes (Bessi & Ferrara, 2016; Ferrara et al, 2020). Others examined relative vulnerability to bots, pointing, for example, to increased susceptibility among Republicans (Yan et al, 2021), and those motivated to endorse conservative conspiracy theories (Miller et al, 2016).…”

Section: Social Bots As An Emergent Entrant In Online Ecosystemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Not All Bots are Created Equal: The Impact of Bots Classification Techniques on Identification of Discursive Behaviors Around the COVID-19 Vaccine and Climate Change

Wang

Walter

Ophir

2023

Social Science Computer Review

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As concerns about social bots online increase, studies have attempted to explore the discourse they produce, and its effects on individuals and the public at large. We argue that the common reliance on aggregated scores of binary classifiers for bot detection may have yielded biased or inaccurate results. To test this possibility, we systematically compare the differences between non-bots and bots using binary and non-binary classifiers (classified into the categories of astroturf, self-declared, spammers, fake followers, and Other). We use two Twitter corpora, about COVID-19 vaccines ( N = 1,697,280) and climate change ( N = 1,062,522). We find that both in terms of volume and thematic content, the use of binary classifiers may hinder, distort, or mask differences between humans and bots, that could only be discerned when observing specific bot types. We discuss the theoretical and practical implications of these findings.

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“…The misuse of vaccines can occur in a variety of ways. For example, some people may not get vaccinated at all or may not receive the recommended number of doses [45]. This can lead to a decrease in herd immunity, which is when enough people are vaccinated that it helps protect those who are not immunized from getting sick.…”

Section: Uses Of Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk Factors in the Era of Emerging Infectious Diseases: Challenges and Strategies

Mustafa,

Makhawi

2023

Preprint

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Emerging infectious diseases (EIDs) continue to be a problem all across the world, but in certain areas the threat is greater than in others. The detection of new diseases will aid in the focus of surveillance efforts. Specifically, identifying a "patient zero" is critical step to help limit further transmission. In fact, several factors have been found to contribute to emerging infectious diseases emergence and transmission. Antigenic drift is an important factor that affects vaccine effectiveness and it is important for scientists and healthcare providers alike to understand how this process works in order to ensure that people receive effective vaccinations against infectious diseases. However, recent advances in biotechnology, immunology and artificial intelligence have enabled us to make progress in diagnosis, treatment, prevention and control of infectious diseases. The fight against infectious diseases will always be ongoing, but the advancement of bioscience offers a promising outlook for the near future. In the last two decades, several high impact zoonotic disease outbreaks have been linked to bat-borne viruses. These include SARS coronavirus, Hendra virus and Nipah virus. In addition, it has been suspected that ebolaviruses and MERS coronavirus are also linked to bats. It is being increasingly accepted that bats are potential reservoirs of a large number of known and unknown viruses, many of which could spillover into animal and human populations. In this article, we discuss the potential risk factors that contribute in emerging infectious diseases. Also, we discuss the management of disease prevention and control.

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Vaccine Hesitancy Under the Magnifying Glass: A Systematic Review of the Uses and Misuses of an Increasingly Popular Construct

Cited by 17 publications

References 133 publications

The Role of Existential Concerns in the Individual’s Decisions regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Survey among Non-Vaccinated Italian Adults during the Third Wave of the Pandemic

The Role of Existential Concerns in the Individual’s Decisions regarding COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake: A Survey among Non-Vaccinated Italian Adults during the Third Wave of the Pandemic

Not All Bots are Created Equal: The Impact of Bots Classification Techniques on Identification of Discursive Behaviors Around the COVID-19 Vaccine and Climate Change

Risk Factors in the Era of Emerging Infectious Diseases: Challenges and Strategies

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