Vaccine-induced T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variant in patients with B cell–depleted lymphoma after CART therapy

Atanackovic, Djordje; Luetkens, Tim; Omili, Destiny; Iraguha, Thierry; Lutfi, Forat; Hardy, Nancy M.; Fan, Xiaoxuan; Saharia, Kapil; Husson, Jennifer; Niederhaus, Silke V.; Margiotta, Philip; Lee, Seung Tae; Law, Jennie Y.; Mannuel, Heather D; Mause, Erica R. Vander; Bauman, Sherri; Lesho, Patricia; Hankey, Kim G.; Baddley, John W.; Kocoglu, Mehmet H.; Yared, Jean A.; Rapoport, Aaron P.; Dahiya, Saurabh

doi:10.1182/blood.2022016175

Cited by 28 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Nevertheless, detectable SARS-CoV-2-specific CD8+ T cells in the seronegative patients were largely not polyfunctional with CD8+ T cells that produce predominantly only IFN-γ [ 94 ]. Extending these results, a recent study by Atanackovic et al revealed the development of virus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in B cell lymphomas after treatment with chimeric antigen receptor T (CAR-T) cells and a third SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine dose, while antibody responses are lacking [ 95 ]. Similarly, patients undergoing anti-CD20 treatment generate vaccine-induced T cells, even if antibodies are undetectable [ 78 , 96 ].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2-specific T Cells In Cancer Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Responses in Immunocompromised Individuals with Cancer, HIV or Solid Organ Transplants

et al. 2023

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Adaptive immune responses play an important role in the clinical course of SARS-CoV-2 infection. While evaluations of the virus-specific defense often focus on the humoral response, cellular immunity is crucial for the successful control of infection, with the early development of cytotoxic T cells being linked to efficient viral clearance. Vaccination against SARS-CoV-2 induces both CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses and permits protection from severe COVID-19, including infection with the currently circulating variants of concern. Nevertheless, in immunocompromised individuals, first data imply significantly impaired SARS-CoV-2-specific immune responses after both natural infection and vaccination. Hence, these high-risk groups require particular consideration, not only in routine clinical practice, but also in the development of future vaccination strategies. In order to assist physicians in the guidance of immunocompromised patients, concerning the management of infection or the benefit of (booster) vaccinations, this review aims to provide a concise overview of the current knowledge about SARS-CoV-2-specific cellular immune responses in the vulnerable cohorts of cancer patients, people living with HIV (PLWH), and solid organ transplant recipients (SOT). Recent findings regarding the virus-specific cellular immunity in these differently immunocompromised populations might influence clinical decision-making in the future.

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Section: Sars-cov-2-specific T Cells In Cancer Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Responses in Immunocompromised Individuals with Cancer, HIV or Solid Organ Transplants

et al. 2023

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“…The incidence of COVID‐19 was similar between responders and impaired responders, suggesting the contribution of cellular immunity to its prevention. A previous report evidenced vaccine‐induced SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T‐cell response among lymphoma patients treated with CAR‐T therapy, leading to salvage the profound inhibition of humoral immune system 26 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…A previous report evidenced vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell response among lymphoma patients treated with CAR-T therapy, leading to salvage the profound inhibition of humoral immune system. 26 Among 552 patients receiving the first dose of vaccine, 5 (0.9%) patients did not receive a second dose due to vaccine-related events, including GVHD aggravation (n = 4) and AE (n = 1). Additional cases of GVHD flare occurred in 0.2% and 0.4% of patients after the first and the second dose, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of impaired antibody response after SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccination in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: A Japanese multicenter observational study

et al. 2022

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HCT recipients reportedly have a high mortality rate after developing COVID‐19. SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccination is generally useful to prevent COVID‐19. However, its safety and efficacy among HCT recipients remain elusive. This large‐scale prospective observational study including 543 HCT recipients with 37‐months interval from transplant demonstrated high safety profiles of mRNA vaccine: only 0.9% of patients avoided the second dose due to adverse event or GVHD aggravation following the first dose. Regarding the efficacy, serological response with a clinically relevant titer (≥250 BAU/mL) was obtained in 397 (73.1%) patients. We classified the remaining 146 patients as impaired responders and compared the clinical and immunological parameters between two groups. In allogeneic HCT recipients, multivariable analysis revealed the risk factors for impaired serological response as follows: age (≥60, 1 points), HLA‐mismatched donor (1 points), use of systemic steroids (1 points), absolute lymphocyte counts (<1000/μL, 1 points), absolute B‐cell counts (<100/μL, 1 points), and serum IgG level (<500 mg/dL, 2 points). Notably, the incidence of impaired serological response increased along with the risk scores: patients with 0, 1–3, and 4–7 points were 3.9%, 21.8%, and 74.6%, respectively. In autologous HCT recipients, a shorter interval from transplant to vaccination was the only risk factor for impaired serological response. Our findings indicate that two doses of SARS‐CoV‐2 vaccine are safe but insufficient for a part of HCT recipients with higher risk scores. To improve this situation, we should consider additional treatment options, including booster vaccination and prophylactic neutralizing antibodies during the SARS‐CoV‐2 pandemic.

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“…Indeed, recent research have unraveled the protective effect of an early T cell response, especially early CD4+ T cells [9] , [10] , as well as the devastating effects of a completely depleted T cell response, even with a proper humoral response [8] . Available vaccines have been shown to induce rapid and coordinated CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses, including against recent variant of concerns [9] , [11] and in B-depleted patients with cancer [12] , [13] , [14] .…”

Section: To the Editormentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular response after 2 and 3 doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in lymphoma patients receiving anti-CD20 antibodies

Gressens

Wiedemann

Déchenaud

et al. 2023

Vaccine

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Vaccine-induced T-cell responses against SARS-CoV-2 and its Omicron variant in patients with B cell–depleted lymphoma after CART therapy

Cited by 28 publications

References 14 publications

SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Responses in Immunocompromised Individuals with Cancer, HIV or Solid Organ Transplants

SARS-CoV-2-Specific T Cell Responses in Immunocompromised Individuals with Cancer, HIV or Solid Organ Transplants

Predictors of impaired antibody response after SARS‐CoV‐2 mRNA vaccination in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients: A Japanese multicenter observational study

Anti-SARS-CoV-2 cellular response after 2 and 3 doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in lymphoma patients receiving anti-CD20 antibodies

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