Vaccine prevention of meningococcal disease in Africa: Major advances, remaining challenges

Mustapha, Mustapha M.; Harrison, Lee H.

doi:10.1080/21645515.2017.1412020

Cited by 45 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…This region spans across 26 countries, from Senegal in the West to Ethiopia in the East, with a population of nearly 300 million. 89 Periodic epidemics occur and the timing of the epidemic season varies from year to year and country to country. The epidemics typically occur during the dry season which can be earlier in the East and later in the West.…”

Section: Meningitis Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

The everchanging epidemiology of meningococcal disease worldwide and the potential for prevention through vaccination

Parikh

Campbell

Bettinger

et al. 2020

Journal of Infection

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169

155

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Neisseria meningitidis is a major cause of bacterial meningitis and septicaemia worldwide and is associated with high case fatality rates and serious lifelong complications among survivors. Twelve serogroups are recognised, of which six (A, B, C, W, X and Y) are responsible for nearly all cases of invasive meningococcal disease (IMD). The incidence of IMD and responsible serogroups vary widely both geographically and over time. For the first time, effective vaccines against all these serogroups are available or nearing licensure. Over the past two decades, IMD incidence has been declining across most parts of the world through a combination of successful meningococcal immunisation programmes and secular trends. The introduction of meningococcal C conjugate vaccines in the early 20 0 0s was associated with rapid declines in meningococcal C disease, whilst implementation of a meningococcal A conjugate vaccine across the African meningitis belt led to near-elimination of meningococcal A disease. Consequently, other serogroups have become more important causes of IMD. In particular, the emergence of a hypervirulent meningococcal group W clone has led many countries to shift from monovalent meningococcal C to quadrivalent ACWY conjugate vaccines in their national immunisation programmes. Additionally, the recent licensure of two protein-based, broad-spectrum meningococcal B vaccines finally provides protection against the most common group responsible for childhood IMD across Europe and Australia. This review describes global IMD epidemiology across each continent and trends over time, the serogroups responsible for IMD, the impact of meningococcal immunisation programmes and future needs to eliminate this devastating disease.

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Section: Meningitis Beltmentioning

confidence: 99%

The everchanging epidemiology of meningococcal disease worldwide and the potential for prevention through vaccination

Parikh

Campbell

Bettinger

et al. 2020

Journal of Infection

Self Cite

169

155

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the rollout of vaccines that protect against NmC has been slow and tends to be reactive during outbreaks. The major constraints to preventive vaccination campaigns include high vaccine cost, limited vaccine availability and competing public health interests 15 . During epidemics, reactive vaccination campaigns are further hampered by low lumbar puncture rates among suspected cases and inadequate laboratory characterisation of causative pathogens that should guide response 19 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meningococcus serogroup C clonal complex ST-10217 outbreak in Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria

Kwambana-Adams

Amaza

Okoi

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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After the successful roll out of MenAfriVac, Nigeria has experienced sequential meningitis outbreaks attributed to meningococcus serogroup C (NmC). Zamfara State in North-western Nigeria recently was at the epicentre of the largest NmC outbreak in the 21st Century with 7,140 suspected meningitis cases and 553 deaths reported between December 2016 and May 2017. The overall attack rate was 155 per 100,000 population and children 5–14 years accounted for 47% (3,369/7,140) of suspected cases. The case fatality rate (CFR) among children 5–9 years was 10%, double that reported among adults ≥ 30 years (5%). NmC and pneumococcus accounted for 94% (172/184) and 5% (9/184) of the laboratory-confirmed cases, respectively. The sequenced NmC belonged to the ST-10217 clonal complex (CC). All serotyped pneumococci were PCV10 serotypes. The emergence of NmC ST-10217 CC outbreaks threatens the public health gains made by MenAfriVac, which calls for an urgent strategic action against meningitis outbreaks.

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“…Dhere (SII) mentioned that thermostable ACYWX Meningitis vaccines are most suitable to prevent future outbreaks. Despite a significant drop of Meningitis type A cases through vaccination since 2010, increased cases related to serogroups C-Y-W-X were observed in Africa [8]. Thus, polysaccharide conjugation [9] and serogroup-specific cell banking were developed for uniform highyield growth kinetics.…”

Section: Future Vaccinesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Another example is the histamine sensitization test for acellular pertussis vaccines that evaluated the CHO cell intoxication clustering assay in a collaborative study [21]. A third example is the evaluation of deep sequencing (DS) as an alternative for MAPREC 8 [22] in polio vaccines manufacturing. An international collaborative study with participating NCLs and vaccine manufacturers assessed consistency of OPV.…”

Section: Future Quality Control (Qc) Assays and International Standarmentioning

confidence: 99%

The art of partnerships for vaccines

Pagliusi¹,

Che²,

Dong³

2019

Vaccine

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The Developing Countries Vaccine Manufacturers Network (DCVMN) convened vaccine manufacturing experts and leaders from local and global public health organizations for its 19th Annual General Meeting. Lectures and panel discussions centered on international cooperation for better access to vaccines, and partnerships in areas ranging from vaccine research and process development, to clinical studies, regulatory, supply chain and emergency preparedness and response.Global vaccine market trends and changes that will impact vaccine financing and procurement methods were discussed as well as capital sources, including funding, for the development of new or improved vaccines.DCVMN members presented their progress in developing novel Hexavalent, Meningitis, Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine, Shigella, Mumps, Rotavirus, Yellow Fever, Polio, Hepatitis E and Dengue vaccines, and a novel monoclonal antibody cocktail for post-bite prophylaxis against rabies infections.Access to and availability of vaccines is enhanced through sharing of best practices for vaccine quality control, reducing redundant testing and promoting development of harmonized common standards. Eligible stakeholders were encouraged to join the WHO-National Control Laboratory Network for Biologicals which serves as a platform for collaboration and technical exchange in this area.Increasing regulatory convergence at the regional and global levels through mechanisms such as joint dossier review and the WHO Collaborative Registration Procedure can help to accelerate vaccine access globally. Additionally, four proposals for streamlining procedures and alignment of dossiers were discussed.Successful partnerships between a broad range of stakeholders, including international organizations, manufacturers, academic research institutes and regulators have provided support for, and in some cases accelerated, vaccine innovation, clinical trials and registration, WHO prequalification, vaccine introduction and access. Strong partnerships, based on experience and trust, help leverage opportunities and are critically important to advancing the shared goal of providing quality vaccines for all people.

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Vaccine prevention of meningococcal disease in Africa: Major advances, remaining challenges

Cited by 45 publications

References 81 publications

The everchanging epidemiology of meningococcal disease worldwide and the potential for prevention through vaccination

The everchanging epidemiology of meningococcal disease worldwide and the potential for prevention through vaccination

Meningococcus serogroup C clonal complex ST-10217 outbreak in Zamfara State, Northern Nigeria

The art of partnerships for vaccines

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