Vaccine Prophylaxis of Abattoir-Associated Q Fever

Marmion, B. P.; Kyrkou, M.; Worswick, D. A.; Esterman, Adrian; Ormsbee, R. A.; Wright, John; Cameron, S.; Feery, Brian J.; Collins, W. E.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(84)91617-9

Cited by 88 publications

(86 citation statements)

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“…Subjects were serotested and skin tested [1,12]. After 1984, in anticipation of a wider use of vaccine, the pretesting procedure was simplified by testing for CF antibody to Phase 1 and Phase 2 antigens at dilutions of 1 in 2-5, 5, 10 and 20, and by skin testing at the time of taking the blood sample.…”

Section: Tests For Existing Immunity Before Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Subjects without clear-cut immune markers were vaccinated [1]. The vaccine was prepared at CSL by the Ormsbee method [13,14] Local and general reactions to vaccine in South Australian studies…”

Section: Vaccination Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, in mid 1981, clinical trials of an inactivated, whole cell Q fever vaccine (Q-vax) made by the Commonwealth Serum Laboratories (CSL), Melbourne, were started in two South Australian abattoirs (SCR and DJ) [1], and in March 1989, Q-vax was approved by the Department of Community Services and Health, Canberra, for marketing in Australia. Previous experience [2][3][4][5][6] with vaccination of laboratory workers handling C. burnetii showed that a few vaccinees develop chronic induration or a sterile abscess at the inoculation site.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, as some 25-50% of abattoir workers have immune markers [1] (see also Table 1) after previous clinical or subelinical infection, and also because at the start of the trial a low level of Q fever antibody or a minimal or equivocal skin test reaction was of uncertain predictive value, either for vaccine reactions, or for immunity to infection, a first priority of the SA trials was to establish whether or not the vaccine could be given without hazard to the abattoir workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A report [1] on the first 18 months of the SA trial established that the CSL Q fever vaccine had not produced severe reactions at the vaccination site. Serological conversion rates after vaccination, as measured by complement fixation or immunofluorescence tests, were 54 % in subjects at one abattoir, and 64 % in the other.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Vaccine prophylaxis of abattoir-associated Q fever: eight years' experience in Australian abattoirs

et al. 1990

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SUMMARYDuring the period 1981-8 a clinical trial of a Q fever vaccine (Q-vax; Commonwealth Serum Laboratories, Melbourne) has been conducted in abattoir workers and other at-risk groups in South Australia. Volunteers in four abattoirs and visitors to the abattoirs were given one subcutaneous dose of 30 ,sg of a formalin-inactivated, highly-purified Coxiella burnetii cells, Henzerling strain, Phase 1 antigenic state, in a volume of 0 5 ml.During the period, over 4000 subjects have been vaccinated and the programme continues in the abattoirs and related groups. 'Common' reactions to the vaccine comprised tenderness and erythema, rarely oedema at the inoculation site and sometimes transient headache. Two more serious 'uncommon' reactions, immune abscess at the inoculation site, were observed in two subjects, and two others developed small subcutaneous lumps which gradually dispersed without intervention.Protective efficacy of the vaccine appeared to be absolute and to last for 5 years at least. Eight Q fever cases were observed in vaccinees, but all were in persons vaccinated during the incubation period of a natural attack of Q fever before vaccine-induced immunity had had time ( > 13 days after vaccination) to develop. On the other hand, 97 Q fever cases were detected in persons working in, or visiting the same abattoir environments.Assays for antibody and cellular immunity showed an 80-82 % seroconversion after vaccination, mostly IgM antibody to Phase 2 antigen, in the 3 months after vaccination. This fell to about 60%, mostly IgG antibody to Phase 1 antigen, after 20 months. On the other hand, 85-95 % of vaccinees developed markers of cell mediated immunity as judged by lymphoproliferative responses with C. burnetii antigens; these rates remained elevated for at least 5 years.The Q fever vaccine, unlike other killed rickettsial vaccines, has the property ofCorrespondence should be addressed to: Professor B. P. Marmion,

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Section: Tests For Existing Immunity Before Vaccinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Vaccination Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%