Vaccine protocols to optimise the protective efficacy of BCG

Griffin, J.F.T.; Mackintosh, C.G.; Slobbe, Lynn; Thomson, A.J.; Buchan, Glenn

doi:10.1054/tuld.1998.0202

Cited by 95 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In others, the protective immunity induced by low doses may have been not so much diminished as delayed (6,9,12). In support of an inverse dependence of protective immunity on dose, one study in deer immunized twice with BCG and then challenged with M. bovis found that a higher dose was inferior to a lower dose (13). Another study observed that a low dose of BCG vaccine favors a TH1 type of immune response vs. a TH2 type of response in Balb/c mice (14); TH1 type responses are considered to favor enhanced protective immunity against intracellular parasites, most convincingly in the case of Leishmania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraordinarily few organisms of a live recombinant BCG vaccine against tuberculosis induce maximal cell-mediated and protective immunity

Horwitz

Harth

Dillon

et al. 2006

Vaccine

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extraordinarily few organisms of a live recombinant BCG vaccine against tuberculosis induce maximal cell-mediated and protective immunity

Horwitz

Harth

Dillon

et al. 2006

Vaccine

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“…Vaccination of captive farmed red deer in New Zealand has shown that vaccination with M. bovis BCG can prevent infection and disease (i.e. lesion development) [5,6]. BCG vaccination has also been used to control tuberculosis in farmed sika deer (Cervus nippon) in China [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerín

Palmer

Thacker

Waters

2007

Vaccine

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Wildlife reservoirs of Mycobacterium bovis represent serious obstacles to the eradication of tuberculosis in domestic livestock. In Michigan, USA tuberculous white-tailed deer transmit M. bovis to cattle. One approach in dealing with this wildlife reservoir is to vaccinate deer in order to interrupt the cycle of deer to deer and deer to cattle transmission. Thirty-one white-tailed deer were assigned to one of three groups; 2 SC doses of 10 7 CFU of M. bovis BCG (n = 11); 1 SC dose of 10 7 CFU of M. bovis BCG (n = 10); or unvaccinated deer (n = 10). After vaccination, deer were inoculated intratonsilarly with 300 CFU of virulent M. bovis. Gross lesion severity scores of the medial retropharyngeal lymph node were significantly reduced in deer receiving 2 doses of BCG compared to unvaccinated deer. Vaccinated deer had fewer lymph node granulomas than unvaccinated deer, and most notably, fewer late stage granulomas characterized by coalescent caseonecrotic granulomas containing numerous acid-fast bacilli. BCG was isolated from 7/21 vaccinated deer as long as 249 days after vaccination. In one case BCG was transmitted from a vaccinated deer to an unvaccinated deer. In white-tailed deer BCG provides measurable protection against challenge with virulent M. bovis. However, persistence of vaccine within tissues as well as shedding of BCG from vaccinates remain areas for further investigation. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

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“…The strategies of sanitary prophylaxis, founded on the limitation of these populations, encounter technical and even more ethical problems. Oral vaccination strategies, which were able to eradicate wildlife rabies in many European countries [47] and in North America [34], are only at the development stage for two bacterial zoonoses: tuberculosis [9], especially in badgers [23], possum [16] and deer [30] and brucellosis, in bison, elk or wild boars [22]. -A new emerging difficulty is becoming apparent: the progressive unavailability of some veterinary drugs illustrated by the progressive disappearance, due to the lack of a profitable market, of some drugs intended for the prevention or treatment of existing diseases in some domestic animal species living in developing countries (camels or goats, for example).…”

Section: Some More Specific Difficultiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging or re-emerging bacterial zoonoses: factors of emergence, surveillance and control

Blancou

Chomel²,

Belotto

et al. 2005

Vet. Res.

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-Surveillance and control of emerging bacterial zoonoses is essential in order to prevent both human and animal deaths and to avoid potential economic disorders created by trade barriers or a ban on free circulation of human or animal populations. An increased risk of exposition to zoonotic agents, the breakdown of the host's defenses, the emergence of bacterial strains resistant to antibiotics and their widespread distribution as well as conjunctural causes associated with the action or inaction of man have been identified as the main factors leading to the emergence or reemergence of bacterial zoonoses. After an in-depth review of these various factors, the present manuscript reviews the main components of detection and surveillance of emerging or re-emerging bacterial zoonoses. A description of the systems of control and the main obstacles to their success is also presented. Detection and surveillance of emerging zoonoses have greatly benefited from technical progress in diagnostics. The success of detection and control of emerging bacterial zoonoses is largely based on international solidarity and cooperation between countries.emerging bacterial zoonoses / control / surveillance / factors of emergence

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Vaccine protocols to optimise the protective efficacy of BCG

Cited by 95 publications

References 31 publications

Extraordinarily few organisms of a live recombinant BCG vaccine against tuberculosis induce maximal cell-mediated and protective immunity

Extraordinarily few organisms of a live recombinant BCG vaccine against tuberculosis induce maximal cell-mediated and protective immunity

Vaccination of white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) with Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette Guerín

Emerging or re-emerging bacterial zoonoses: factors of emergence, surveillance and control

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