Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines

Osman, Nabila; Goovaerts, D.; Sultan, Serageldeen; Salt, Jeremy; Grund, Christian

doi:10.3390/vaccines9040363

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…1). Although conditions vary considerably between studies, these virus decay trends are in general agreement with those reported by others [36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]. Therefore, an inactivation reagent utilized at the time of sample collection is ideal to alleviate concerns about transmission during shipping procedures and facilitate testing at lower containment facilities.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Inactivation of Highly Transmissible Livestock and Avian Viruses Including Influenza A and Newcastle Disease Virus for Molecular Diagnostics

Welch,

Shrestha,

Hutchings

et al. 2023

Preprint

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There is a critical need for an inactivation method that completely inactivates pathogens at the time of sample collection but maintains the nucleic acid quality required for diagnostic PCR testing. This inactivation method is needed to alleviate concerns about transmission potential, reduce shipping complications and cost, and allow testing in lower containment laboratories to improve disease diagnostics by improving turn-around time. This study evaluated a panel of ten surrogate viruses that represent highly pathogenic animal diseases. These results showed that a commercial (PrimeStore®) molecular transport media (PSMTM) completely inactivated all viruses tested by >99.99% as determined by infectivity and serial passage assays. However, detection of viral nucleic acid by qRT-PCR was comparable in PSMTM and control-treated conditions. These results were consistent when viruses were evaluated in the presence of biological material such as sera and cloacal swabs to mimic diagnostic sample conditions for non-avian and avian viruses, respectively. The results of this study may be utilized by diagnostic testing laboratories for highly pathogenic agents affecting animal and human populations. These results may be used to revise guidance for select agent diagnostic testing and shipment of infectious substances.Contribution to the fieldActive surveillance and confirmatory testing efforts are in place to protect animals in the United States from certain highly contagious diseases and to limit financial impacts to consumers and producers when the food supply is disrupted. Confirmatory testing typically utilizes nucleic acid detection to identify active infection. Testing is required to be completed in high containment facilities due to the elevated pathogenicity and impact potential of animal diseases. The requirement for testing in high containment facilities limits the ability for regional and state laboratories to test for Tier 1 select agents. Shipment of diagnostic samples is costly, as well as time and temperature sensitive to avoid deterioration of sample quality needed for testing. These constraints lengthen response time and testing turn-around time. Here, we showed that a commercial (PrimeStore®) molecular transport media (PSMTM) completely inactivated all viruses tested without affecting nucleic acid detection/integrity. These data suggest that highly contagious agents are effectively inactivated by PSMTM without compromising the nucleic acid needed for diagnostic testing. These data provide support that this inactivation method can be utilized during sample collection to reduce constraints in disease diagnostics and in reagent sharing among international laboratories.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Inactivation of Highly Transmissible Livestock and Avian Viruses Including Influenza A and Newcastle Disease Virus for Molecular Diagnostics

Welch,

Shrestha,

Hutchings

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It was previously reported that 58% of Tanzanian households are using I-2 and 42% are using LaSota [ 60 ]. The I-2 strain was recommended for ND vaccination in hot climates since it minimizes temperature-induced degradation [ 61 ]. As recently suggested by Dimitrov [ 1 ], the efficacy of current live attenuated vaccines against currently circulating strains of NDV and vaccine application failure should be considered when designing new, more effective vaccines.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus Involved in the 2021 Outbreaks in Backyard Poultry Farms in Tanzania

Amoia

Hakizimana

Duggal

et al. 2023

Veterinary Sciences

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Newcastle disease virus is a significant avian pathogen with the potential to decimate poultry populations all over the world and cause enormous economic losses. Distinct NDV genotypes are currently causing outbreaks worldwide. Due to the high genetic diversity of NDV, virulent strains that may result in a lack of vaccine protection are more likely to emerge and ultimately cause larger epidemics with massive economic losses. Thus, a more comprehensive understanding of the circulating NDV genotypes is critical to reduce Newcastle disease (ND) burden. In this study, NDV strains were isolated and characterized from backyard poultry farms from Tanzania, East Africa in 2021. Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) based on fusion (F) gene amplification was conducted on 79 cloacal or tracheal swabs collected from chickens during a suspected ND outbreak. Our results revealed that 50 samples out 79 (50/79; 63.3%) were NDV-positive. Sequencing and phylogenetic analyses of the selected NDV isolates showed that 39 isolates belonged to subgenotype VII.2 and only one isolate belonged to subgenotype XIII.1.1. Nucleotide sequences of the NDV F genes from Tanzania were closely related to recent NDV isolates circulating in southern Africa, suggesting that subgenotype VII.2 is the predominant subgenotype throughout Tanzania and southern Africa. Our data confirm the circulation of two NDV subgenotypes in Tanzania, providing important information to design genotype-matched vaccines and to aid ND surveillance. Furthermore, these results highlight the possibility of the spread and emergence of new NDV subgenotypes with the potential of causing future ND epizootics.

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“…The RMC of the NDV-VFD vaccine was detected using thermogravimetric analysis (Merivaara et al 2021 ; Osman et al 2021 ; Regis et al 2021 ). To determine the RMC after drying, eight vials of each vaccine preparation were weighed before and after drying at 80℃ for 2 h without a stopper.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermostable vacuum foam dried Newcastle disease vaccine: Process optimization and pilot-scale study

Lyu,

Zhao,

Zuo

et al. 2024

Appl Microbiol Biotechnol

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Vacuum foam drying (VFD) has been shown to improve the thermostability and long-term shelf life of Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV). This study optimized the VFD process to improve the shelf life of NDV at laboratory-scale and then tested the optimized conditions at pilot-scale. The optimal NDV to T5 formulation ratio was determined to be 1:1 or 3:2. Using the 1:1 virus to formulation ratio, the optimal filling volumes were determined to be 13–17% of the vial capacity. The optimized VFD process conditions were determined to be at a shelf temperature of 25℃ with a minimum overall drying time of 44 h. The vaccine samples prepared using these optimized conditions at laboratory-scale exhibited virus titer losses of ≤ 1.0 log10 with residual moisture content (RMC) below 3%. Furthermore, these samples were transported for 97 days around China at ambient temperature without significant titer loss, thus demonstrating the thermostability of the NDV-VFD vaccine. Pilot-scale testing of the NDV-VFD vaccine at optimized conditions showed promising results for up-scaling the process as the RMC was below 3%. However, the virus titer loss was slightly above 1.0 log10 (approximately 1.1 log10). Therefore, the NDV-VFD process requires further optimization at pilot scale to obtain a titer loss of ≤ 1.0 log10. Results from this study provide important guidance for possible industrialization of NDV-VFD vaccine in the future. Key points • The process optimization and scale-up test of thermostable NDV vaccine prepared through VFD is reported for the first time in this study. • The live attenuated NDV-VFD vaccine maintained thermostability for 97 days during long distance transportation in summer without cold chain conditions. • The optimized NDV-VFD vaccine preparations evaluated at pilot-scale maintained acceptable levels of infectivity after preservation at 37℃ for 90 days, which demonstrated the feasibility of the vaccine for industrialization.

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Vaccine Quality Is a Key Factor to Determine Thermal Stability of Commercial Newcastle Disease (ND)Vaccines

Cited by 8 publications

References 27 publications

Inactivation of Highly Transmissible Livestock and Avian Viruses Including Influenza A and Newcastle Disease Virus for Molecular Diagnostics

Inactivation of Highly Transmissible Livestock and Avian Viruses Including Influenza A and Newcastle Disease Virus for Molecular Diagnostics

Genetic Diversity of Newcastle Disease Virus Involved in the 2021 Outbreaks in Backyard Poultry Farms in Tanzania

Thermostable vacuum foam dried Newcastle disease vaccine: Process optimization and pilot-scale study

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